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484 Briefly INTERNATIONAL


Heatwaves at both of Earth’s poles alarm climate scientists... In February 2022, startling heatwaves at both of the Earth’s poles caused alarm among climate scientists, who have warned the un- precedented events could signal faster and abrupt climate breakdown. Temperatures in Antarctica reached record levels, an aston- ishing 40 °C above normal in places. At the same time, some weather stations near the north pole showed temperatures 30 °C above normal. At this time of year, the Antarctic should be rapidly cooling after its summer, and the Arctic only slowly emer- ging from its winter, as days lengthen. The rapid rise in temperatures at both poles is a warning of disruption in Earth’s climate systems. The danger is twofold: heatwaves at the poles are a strong signal of the damage humanity is wreaking on the climate, and the melting could also trigger further cas- cading changes that will accelerate climate breakdown. Source: Euractiv (2022) euractiv.com/section/ climate-environment/news/heatwaves-at- both-of-earths-poles-alarm-climate-scientists


.. . and UN issues 10,000-page red alert on climate change Accelerating global warming is driving a rising tide of impacts that could cause profound human misery and ecological disaster, and there is only one way to avoid catastrophe: drastic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. These are the main take-aways from a trio of UN reports on climate change, published between August 2021 and April 2022 and spreading across 10,000 pages. The three tomes— each with hundreds of authors—focus on physical science, impacts and the need to adapt, and how to slash carbon pollution. This will be the sixth such trilogy since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) delivered its first report in 1990 and positioned itself as a landmark on the science behind global warming. The IPCC insists that it does not provide recommendations, only background infor- mation and policy options so decision mak- ers can make the right choices to ensure a liveable future for the planet and its in- habitants. But all roads leading to a 1.5 °C or even a 2 °C world involve rapid, deep and in most cases immediate reductions of greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors, including industry, transportation, agricul- ture, energy and cities. Source: Phys.org (2022) phys.org/news/ 2022-04-page-red-climate.html


New UN ocean treaty National delegates and intergovernmental organizations met at the UN’sNew York headquarters in March to negotiate a new treaty on the oceans, described as the most significant ocean protection agreement in 4 decades. It is hoped that the treaty, which will set out a legal framework to protect bio- diversity and govern the high seas, will be a significant improvementontheexistingpatch- workof internationalbodiesandtreatiesman- aging resources and human activity in areas beyond national jurisdictions, which make up 64%of the ocean’s surface area. These ac- tivities range from fishing and whaling to shipping, seabed mining and bioprospect- ing. The current, disconnected approach involves varied mandates and overlapping jurisdictions,whichundermines effectiveness andmakes establishing and enforcingmarine protectedareas legallychallenging. It is hoped the newtreatywill facilitate improved protec- tions for biodiversity and the creation of marine parks on an international scale. Source: The Guardian (2022) theguardian. com/environment/2022/mar/10/un-ocean- treaty-is-once-in-a-lifetime-chance-to- protect-the-high-seas


New challenge aims to rewild 40 globally significant island ecosystems As island communities around the world suffer some of the worst effects of biodi- versity loss and climate change, Island Conservation, Re:wild, Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego, the government of Panama, and the government of Palau have identified the critical need for conservation efforts that strategically benefit both islands and their interconnected ocean ecosystems. In April 2022, they launched the 2030 Island–Ocean Connection Challenge at the Our Ocean Conference in Palau. The chal- lenge calls on NGOs, governments, philan- thropists and foundations to support the ambitious but achievable goal of restoring at least 40 globally significant island ecosys- tems from ridge to reef by 2030 to benefit biodiversity, climate and communities. To date, the founding partners andtheir suppor- ters have securedUSD50 million of the USD 160 million needed to achieve this vision. By focusing on the links between land and sea ecosystems, the Island–Ocean Connec- tion Challenge willmaximize the co-benefits of island conservation for their surrounding marine ecosystems, including coral reefs, seagrass meadows, mangroves and others. Source: Island Conservation (2022) islandconservation.org/rewilding-40- globally-significant-island-ecosystems- from-ridge-to-reef-by-2030


Wildlife trafficking thrives on Facebook despite pledge to fight illegal trade Facebook remains a thriving marketplace for online wildlife trafficking despite the tech giant’s pledge to help combat the ille- gal trade, according to a new investigation. Tiger cubs, leopards, ocelots and African grey parrots were among the threatened an- imals that researchers found on Facebook pages and public groups. In 2018 Facebook co-founded the Coalition to End Wildlife Trafficking Online with experts such as WWF, which set out to cut the illegal trade by 80%by 2020. The company says it has made progress but a report published in April 2022 suggests Facebook remains popular with animal traffickers. Over 2 days, researchers found 129 pieces of po- tentially harmful content, including posts selling or seeking animals listed in CITES Appendices. This suggests Facebook’s algo- rithms do not align with its own policies or public commitment to curb the online wildlife trade, the report concludes. Source: The Guardian (2022) theguardian. com/environment/2022/apr/13/wildlife- trafficking-facebook-avaaz-endangered- species


More investors are funding women-led conservation endeavours Women-led philanthropy garnered renewed attention after MacKenzie Scott, former wife of Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, announced in March 2022 that she had given away USD 3.9 billion in grants to 465 organizations since June 2021,withc. 60%of themled bywomen. Women-led NGOs are rare in many sectors, including climate change. Currently, 80%of climate philanthropy goes to NGOs led by men, and 90% of philanthropic funding for climate change goes to organizations led by white people. Rachel’s Network, named after the late pioneering conservationist Rachel Carson,was founded to break downstructural barriers faced by women environmentalists. Every year, the Network’sCatalystAward programme provides women environmental leaders of colour with a USD 10,000 prize, networking opportunities and public recogni- tion of their work. In response to research by the Global Greengrants Fund that only 0.2% of all foundation funding focuses expli- citly on women and the environment, Wild Elements Foundation was launched in 2021 to invest in scaling up projects led by innova- tors such as women conservationists, scien- tists and community organizers. The group places a special focus on Indigenous women and women of colour. Source: Eco-Business (2022) eco-business. com/news/more-investors-funding-women- led-conservation-endeavours


Oryx, 2022, 56(4), 483–488 © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605322000606


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