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482 B. Long and J. P. Rodríguez


(then Global Wildlife Conservation). Building on the knowledge and expertise of the 10,000+ volunteer experts of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Re:wild and the SSC have compiled a list of c. 2,100 lost species and made the list publicly available (Re:wild, 2021) to en- courage searches to find these species. Annual updates will probably lead to expansion of the list as new animals, plants and fungi are added. Since Re:wild launched its top 25 lost species in 2017, eight species on the list have been rediscov- ered, as have 67 species from the entire list of lost species. Partnerships and campaigns focused on specific taxonomic groups, such as birds and freshwater species, are leading to further rediscoveries, such as that of the Batman River loach Paraschistura chrysicristinae in Turkey in 2021 (Green, 2021). Scheffers et al. (2011) documented 351 species rediscoveries over 122 years, with an average time lost of 61 years. The fact that lost species are being rediscovered, even when they have not been seen in decades, is reassuring. Most rediscovered species tend to have restricted ranges and small populations and therefore remain highly threatened with extinction and require swift conservation action. The search for lost species is a call to everybody, every-


where, not to overlook species fromany taxonomic group.We invite the conservation community to focus on lost species, to initiate conservation action for them if rediscovered, and to prevent their extinction. The pathway of loss described here provides a framework for increasing levels of urgency to help us focus on all species in need of conservation.


This Editorial and the Oryx articles cited herein are freely available as a virtual issue of the journal at cambridge.org/ core/journals/oryx/virtual-issues.


References


CAMPBELL,D. (2016)A case for resurrecting lost species—review essay of Beth Shapiro’s, “How to Clone a Mammoth: The Science of De-Extinction”. Biology & Philosophy, 31, 747–759.


CEBALLOS, G., GARCIA,A.&EHRLICH,P.(2010) The sixth extinction crisis. Journal of Cosmology, 8, 180–185.


COTTEE-JONES, H.E.W.,MITTERMEIER, J.C. & REDDING, D.W. (2013) TheMoluccanwoodcock (Scolopax rochussenii) onObi Island: a ‘lost’ species is less endangered than was believed. Forktail, 29, 88–93.


CRUTZEN, P.J. & STOERMER, E.F. (2000) The Anthropocene. Global Change Newsletter, 41, 17–18.


DAVID,W.M. & DAVIS, R.A. (2017) Hopeful monsters—in defense of quests to rediscover long-lost species. Conservation Letters, 10, 382–383.


DE LÍRIO, E.J., FREITAS, J., NEGRÃO, R.,MARTINELLI,G.&PEIXOTO, A.L. (2018) A hundred years’ tale: rediscovery of Mollinedia stenophylla (Monimiaceae) in the Atlantic rainforest, Brazil. Oryx, 52, 437–441.


DE MASSOL DE REBETZ,C.(2020) Remembrance day for lost species: remembering and mourning extinction in the Anthropocene. Memory Studies, 13, 875–888.


EDWARDS, C.E., BASSÜNER, B., BIRKINSHAW, C., CAMARA, C., LEHAVANA, A., LOWRY, P.P. et al. (2018) A botanical mystery solved by phylogenetic analysis of botanical garden collections: the rediscovery of the presumed-extinct Dracaena umbraculifera. Oryx, 52, 427–436.


FISHER,M.(2019) The small, the hidden, the less-loved: conserving other species. Oryx, 53, 199–200.


GREEN,G. (2021) Batman loach returns: fish feared extinct found in Turkey. The Guardian, 9 December 2021. theguardian.com/ environment/2021/dec/09/batman-loach-returns-fish-feared- extinct-for-decades-spotted-in-turkey-aoe [accessed 19 May 2022].


HIRSCH, R.E. (2017) De-Extinction: The Science of Bringing Lost Species Back to Life. Twenty-First Century Books, Minneapolis, USA.


IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, 2nd edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK.


IUCN (2021) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-3. iucnredlist.org [accessed 21 February 2022].


JABLONSKI,D.(1995) Extinctions in the fossil record. In Extinction Rates (eds J.H. Lawton & R.M. May), pp. 25–44. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.


LEE,T.,MEYER, J.-Y., BURCH, J.B., PEARCE-KELLY,P.&Ó FOIGHIL,D. (2008) Not completely lost: two partulid tree snail species persist on the highest peak of Raiatea, French Polynesia. Oryx, 42, 615–619.


MORA, C., TITTENSOR, D.P., ADL, S., SIMPSON, A.G.B. &WORM,B. (2011) How many species are there on earth and in the ocean? PLOS Biolofy, 9,e1001127.


PAGLIA, I., LUBER, J.,MANSANO,V.&FREITAS,L.(2022) A narrowly endemic species of Begoniaceae: rediscovery, distribution and conservation of Begonia jocelinoi. Oryx, published online 18 March 2022.


PIMM, S., JENKINS, C., ABELL, R., BROOKS, T., GITTLEMAN, J., JOPPA, L. et al. (2014) The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection. Science, 344, 6187.


RE:WILD (2021) Lost Species. rewild.org/lost-species [accessed 4 May 2022].


RICHMOND, J.Q.,WOSTL, E., REED, R.N.&FISHER, R.N. (2022) Range eclipse leads to tenuous survival of a rare lizard species on a barrier atoll. Oryx, 56, 63–72.


ROBERTS,D.&FISHER,M.(2020) Schrödinger’s cat extinction paradox. Oryx, 54, 143–144.


SCHEFFERS, B.R., YONG, D.L.,HARRIS, J.B.C.,GIAM,X.&SODHI, N.S. (2011) The world’s rediscovered species: back from the brink? PLOS ONE, 6,e22531.


SILCOCK, J., FIELD, A.,WALSH,N. & FENSHAM,R.(2020) To name those lost: assessing extinction likelihood in the Australian vascular flora. Oryx, 54, 167–177.


SSC (SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISSION)(2020) By-Laws 2021–2024. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.


TWOMEY,E.&BROWN, J.L. (2008) Spotted poison frogs: rediscovery of a lost species and new genus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from northwestern Peru. Herpetologica, 64, 121–137.


VILLARROEL, D., QUINTINO DE FARIA, J.E. & BARNES PROENÇA, C.E. (2014) One new and one long-lost species of Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from the Bolivian Cerrado. Novon, 23, 244–249.


Oryx, 2022, 56(4), 481–482 © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605322000618


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