August, 2016
www.us-tech.com
Page 55 Breathing Easy: Indoor Air Quality and Production Continued from previous page
2,000°C (2,732 and 3,632°F) causing rapid expansion and the projection of particles and droplets away in all directions, including back toward the laser lens. Everything that goes into the substrate can be loosened in the laser process. Free laser particulates can
cause difficulties with beam diver- gence, sensor failure, handling equipment problems, fire hazards, respiratory hazards, and damage to optics. In addition, particulates, VOCs and gases are largely worker respiratory concerns. Occupational asthma is a rising concern among those who use lasers in their work.
Health and Productivity Concerns
Electronic manufacturing pro -
cesses including soldering (both by hand and machine), cleaning, coat- ing or sealing have byproducts that are both particulate as well as VOCs and gases. When heated, rosin-based solder fluxes form fumes that con- tain a range of resin acid particu- lates and other components as gases. When inhaled, rosin-based solder flux fume can lead to occupational asthma or make existing asthmatic conditions worse. Rosin-based solder flux fume is now regarded as one of the most clear causes of occupational asthma and its effects can be irre- versible. HSE statistics from 2004/2005, showing incidence rates of occupational asthma reported by physicians, put rosin-based solder flux fume in the top ten. The fume, like most, can irri-
tate the eyes and upper respiratory tract and can also cause dermatitis. Continued exposure, even to very small amounts of fume, may cause asthma attacks and the person affected may be unable to do any sol- dering with rosin-based fluxes again. Solder fume is classed as a haz- ardous substance and should be con- trolled in accordance with interna- tional legislation. Cleaning, coating and sealing in electronics are also largely classed as VOC or hazardous gas processes. While the VOCs present respi-
ratory and worker health concerns, particulates can also cause problems with finished products in electronic manufacturing. These include reject- ed parts, colophony, poor joints and connections, and poor wave and reflow profiles. This results in a low- quality product and the need for rework, or worse, the product may end up as scrap. Laboratory concerns can in clude
all of the above difficulties of lasers and electronics, plus the additional concern of biological contaminants and pharmaceutical drug inhal ation or contamination.
Cleaning the Air When extracting all of these
contaminants in our workplaces, what does one do and where do they go? One option is to vent the atmos- phere and hope for the best. This is not the most effective means of evac- uation since it is not always practical to cut a hole in the roof, mount a big fan in the ceiling and blow fumes and dust outside. In general, this is not looked upon kindly by green councils, neighbors, sustainability groups, and in some cases, the EPA.
Also, venting into the atmosphere requires expensive equipment that is time-consuming to install. This method of extraction usual-
ly creates a fixed-point rooftop extrac- tion system that reduces the flexibili- ty and possibilities of reconfiguration
Given that we are built to breathe clean and fresh air, it is no surprise that productivity levels are directly related to the level of indoor air quality.
of existing production lines when pro- duction needs change. Most rooftop
fan sets are relatively low pressure and allow inconsistent airflow, and depend on outside pressure levels, wind and weather conditions. If atmospheric ventilation is installed incorrectly, the same air vented out- side is often brought back in, since venting outside creates a vacuum. Add to all of this that effective-
ly sending the facility’s heated/ cooled, climate-controlled air outside racks up substantial continuing operational costs, beyond the cost of the initial setup. Creating inflexibili- ty and inconsistency in a process or production environment are terms that are incongruous with increasing productivity. Another option is to move the air
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in the workplace around and dilute it by using benchtop fan sets. The prob- lem with this method is that the con- taminants dealt with in this regard are generally accumulative, and no clean air is introduced. This creates a dirty workplace with poor IAQ. This will eventually reduce worker comfort, increase worker downtime and create employee health concerns. Blowing dirty air from one worker to another just moves the problem around and solves nothing.
Localized Exhaust Ventilation It is becoming increasingly
popular and affordable to capture contaminants at the source using localized exhaust ventilation (LEV) Continued on page 57
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