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August, 2016


Market for Lithium Ion Batteries is Booming


Continued from page 6


circuitry to prevent or mitigate cell failures, the last resort is typically a mechanical safety vent that releases the internal pressure of the cell or pack when a specified pressure is reached. One of the most popular pres-


sure relief devices for lower-pressure applications the rupture disk. Also known as a pressure safety disk or burst diaphragm, the rupture disk is a passive pressure relief device long adopted by the Oil, Gas and Chemi- cal process industries to protect pres- sure vessels, tanks and other equip- ment from over-pressurization. Rup- ture disks are available in various designs, sizes, shapes and set pres- sures and can be installed on cylin- drical, button, prismatic, or pouch cell designs. However, as battery cells become


increasingly smaller, so must the rup- ture disks that protect them. This is driving the need for miniaturized rup- ture disks as small as 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) and challenging an industry in which products for many decades have been measured in inches. “As pressure relief devices be-


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come increasingly miniaturized, the rupture disk industry is running squarely into design and raw materi- al challenges that often require re- engineering the product itself,” says Geof Brazier, managing director of BS&B Safety Systems, custom-engi- neered products division, a supplier of rupture disks that has been in- volved in the lithium battery indus- try for more than 30 years. According to Brazier, this is due


to a delicate balancing act between the shrinking diameters of the burst area, the limitations of the specific raw ma- terials utilized for the membrane, and the variations in designs required at low, medium and high pressures.


The Challenge of Miniaturization Miniaturization of rupture


disks presents unique challenges, best met utilizing reverse buckling


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technology, says Brazier. Unlike tra- ditional forward-acting disks where the load is applied to the concave side of a dome, in a reverse buckling de- sign, the dome is inverted toward the source of the load. Reverse buckling disks are typically sturdier than for- ward-acting disks which are thin and difficult to handle, and as a result have greater longevity, accuracy and reliability over time. “As burst diameters decrease


dramatically, it becomes challenging to design a reverse buckling disk that will reliably collapse through such small orifice sizes,” Brazier ex- plains. “In many ways it can be like trying to fit a camel through the eye of a needle.” To resolve this issue, BS&B has created novel structures that control the reversal of the rup- ture disk to always collapse in a pre- dictable manner. This includes, for example, a


hybrid shape that combines reverse buckling and forward bulging char- acteristics that are pre-collapsed. In this type of design, a line of weakness is typically placed into the rupture disk structure to define a specific opening flow area when the reverse type disk activates. Small, nominal size rupture


disks are sensitive to the detailed characteristics of the orifice through which they burst, which requires close cooperation between the rup- ture disk manufacturer and the user to achieve the optimum mounting and installation arrangement. “With small size pressure relief devices, the influence of every feature of both the rupture disk and its holder is ampli- fied,” explains Brazier. For miniatur- ized products, BS&B manufactures the rupture disk from stainless steel, aluminum and nickel alloys to achieve compatibility with lithium battery operating conditions. Contact: BS&B Safety Systems


at 7455 E 46th Street, Tulsa, OK 74145-6379, (918) 622-5950, e-mail: sales@bsbsystems.com or visit www.bsbsystems.com r


Advanced Screening for Bombs and Nuclear Threats


Continued from page 8


ping through the supply chain,” Ledoux says. Seeing that the world was ripe


for NRF-based scanners, Bertozzi launched Passport with friend Gor- don Baty, who is now chair of Pass- port’s board of directors. They pulled in Ledoux as CEO and set up shop in Ledoux’s home office. However, although they could


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prove the technology theoretically, there was nowhere to test it on a large scale. One day Ledoux was on MIT’s


campus, speaking with a fellow alum about Passport’s testing issues, when the alum pointed to MIT’s High Voltage Research Laboratory, which was supposedly shut down. “We were literally right across the street,” Ledoux says. “So we walked over and rang the doorbell.” Turns out, the facility was still in use. “It became only the third place in the


country that we could do the experi- ments,” Bertozzi says. In the early 2000s, the small


team including Bertozzi and Ledoux recorded the unique signals of all ac- tinides. From there, the project grew steadily. In 2007 and 2008, Passport received Department of Homeland Security contracts to test their cargo scanner at its headquarters in Biller- ica. In 2009, Passport received a De- partment of Homeland Security con- tract to build their SmartScan sys- tem.


The company’s latest Depart-


ment of Homeland Security contract, issued in 2013, is for building a sys- tem that fuses gamma radiation-de- tection data with video, to track radi- ation in vehicles traveling at high- way speeds. Web: http://news.mit.edu/2016/


startup-improved-nuclear-threat-de- tection-0622 and


https://www.passportsystems.com


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