is consistent and meets the requirement of automobile customers. Meanwhile, the efficiency of the melting blast furnace was significantly improved. With the same equipment, the melting cycle decreased from 60 to 40 minutes, the life of the blast furnace liner increased from 150 to 300 heats, and the annual melt supply increased by 7,800 tons.
Modernizing the Blast Furnace Te new technology’s main benefit lies in the reduction of
energy consumption and pollutant discharge. But if the blast furnace had not been modernized, its high energy consump- tion and high pollution would have offset the benefits of the shortcut technology. Small blast furnaces are suitable for the new technol-
ogy. However, they are of high energy consumption and low stability and lack the affiliated environmental facilities of large blast furnaces. Terefore, Jintang found the following innovations are needed for small blast furnaces:
1. Use of fine raw materials
• Establish a reliable, high quality, stable supply base of raw materials.
• Adopt suitable raw material composition, which greatly affects the economics of melting.
• Establish a raw material supply workshop to oversee the direct supply of raw materials and their good mixture and stable chemical composition.
2. Increase hot air temperature Te increase of hot air by 100C will reduce the iron-
coke ratio by 30 kg. Te full usage of hot air should be used for melting. At the same time, the hot air temperature should be increased to 1,050C by using new techniques and facilities.
3. Spray of coal dust and oxygen-rich air
The use of pulverized coal can replace costly coke. It is helpful for cost reduction, increases the hot air temperature, adopts oxygen-rich air blast and increases melting capacity. It is a popular technology in blast furnaces, including small units. For high coke-iron ratios, this technology will exhibit more significant effects in small blast furnaces. According to Jintang’s experience, with a spray of coal dust at 120 kg/ton for a blast furnace of 128 cu. m, the coke-iron ratio is less than 490 kg/ton.
4. Improve blast furnace operation and melt quality To stabilize the quality of the melt, silicon, phosphorus,
sulfur, titanium and manganese should be controlled. Te use of pulverized coal spray is one method of adjusting the con- tents. A 20-channel spectrum meter is used for the adjust- ment of the raw material mixture at Jintang.
5. Automatic control of the blast furnace Automation, a symbol of modern technology, can
increase work and energy efficiency and product qual-
小高炉在生产铸造生铁、采用短流程铸造工艺方面， 比中、大型高炉具有独特的、甚至是不可替代的优势。 但小高炉工序能耗高、环保设施配套不完善、生产稳定 性差，也是其不可忽视的缺点。在国家节能减排的大趋 势之下，要保持小高炉的优势，就要积极采用新技术， 提高管理水平。
1．高度重视和抓好精料工作
（1）建立可靠的、质量好的、稳定的原燃料基地和供 应渠道。原燃料是炼铁的基础，没有可靠的、稳定 的、质量好的原燃料供应，那就是在搞无米之炊。 （2）采用适于本厂的炉料结构。选择好炉料结构是炼 铁技术的重大发展，实践表明，炉料结构的是否合 理，对高炉冶炼技术经济指标影响很大。 （3）小高炉企业一般没有条件建设机械化料场，但也 要建立简易原料场，对原料平铺直取、中和混匀，保 证成分稳定
2．提高热风温度
每提高风温100℃就可降低焦比30kg。一方面要尽力 做到全风温冶炼，生产多少风温就使用多少风温，不保 留风温；另一方面要积极采用获得高风温的技术和装备 至少应该达到1050℃.
3．喷吹煤粉及富氧鼓风
喷吹煤粉可以代替部分稀缺、昂贵的焦炭，降低生铁 成本；有利于使用高风温，发挥高风温的作用，有利于 采用富氧鼓风，从而提高高炉的产量。高炉富氧喷煤技 术已经比较成熟，在小高炉上已得到成功应用，而且由 于小高炉焦比高，节焦效果更加明显。 根据我们的实践，128m3高炉在不富氧的条件下， 使用风温1050℃，喷煤量可稳定达到120kg/t铁，焦比 降至490kg/t铁以下。
4．加强高炉操作，提高生铁质量
稳定的生铁质量，是实现短流程铸造的基础，尤其是 生铁中Si、P、S、Ti、Mn等元素，直接影响着铸件的 成本和质量，要力求稳定。高炉配备喷煤装置，相当于 增加了一种下部调剂手段，有利于高炉生产。我公司配 备了20通道直读光谱仪，对指导高炉配料、稳定铁水质 量起到了重要作用。
5．大力推行高炉自动化技术
自动化在生产领域的应用是现代科学技术高度发展 的重要标志，对提高劳动生产率，提高产品质量，降低 各种消耗起着重要的作用。我公司高炉用微机配料、上 料，热风炉配备燃烧调节系统，炉前配备直读光谱仪， 烧结系统配备电子配料系统。
Fall 2011
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