presided over a routine state council meeting and set a policy for the healthy and sustainable development of the rare earth industry. At the meeting, it was pointed out that rare earth metals are an irreproducible strate- gic resource with wide application in the new energy, energy-saving, environmental protection, aerospace, electronic and information industries. Through years of development, mining, melting and application of rare earth resources, progress has been made in China, and the industry continues to expand gradually. How- ever, illegal mining hasn’t been stopped, the capability of melting and extracting rare earths has expanded too quickly, the ecosystem is severely damaged, resource waste is substantial, high level application is backward and exports are excessive. During the council meeting, it was stressed that the
development pattern should be reformed rapidly. Mining, melting, extraction and application technologies should be improved, with a focus on environmental protection and resource saving. Te total production should be controlled, and the current storage should be optimized. Both domestic and overseas markets and resources should be unified, and international cooperation should be encouraged. Te aim is to achieve healthy development of the rare earth metal industry in five years. Since 97% of the
world’s rare earth met- als production occurs in China, the price of rare earth metals will go up as protection policy and export control are implemented. Japanese industries
related to rare earth metals are affected by this situation, as almost all its rare earth metals are Chinese imports. Te Japan Foundry Society held a symposium on Jan. 26 to discuss how to face an import decrease. Although there is no
口配额。自2011年起，还适当提高了稀土的资源税和 出口税税额。
2011年2月，温家宝总理主持了国务院常务会议，研 究部署促进稀土行业持续健康发展的政策措施。会议指 出：“稀土是不可再生的重要战略资源，在新能源、新材 料、节能环保、航空航天、电子信息等领域的应用日益广 泛。经过多年发展，我国稀土开采、冶炼分离和应用技术 研发取得了较大进步，产业规模不断扩大。但稀土行业发 展中仍存在非法开采屡禁不止，冶炼分离产能扩展过快， 生态环境破坏和资源浪费严重，高端应用研发滞后，出口 秩序较为混乱等问题，严重影响行业健康发展。” 会议强调，必须加快转变稀土行业的发展方式，提升 开采、冶炼和应用的技术水平，坚持保护环境和节约资 源，坚持控制总量和优化存量，坚持统筹国际国内两个 市场、两种资源，积极开展国际合作，力争用5年左右 时间，形成稀土行业持续健康发展格局。 由于我国稀土矿物的年产量占世界产量的97%以上， 我国保护稀土资源的措施，对出口量实施控制，必然会 导致世界性的稀土产品价格上涨。
日本所用的稀土， 基本上全部自中国进 口，相关行业对这种形 势都非常敏感，日本铸 造协会就在今年1月26 日召开了专题研讨会， 讨论削减稀土用量的 对策。
在我国，虽然目前 没有稀土资源匮乏之 虞，但是，近期稀土镁 硅铁合金价格的飙升， 已经在铸造行业引起了 普遍的关注，如果从国 家可持续发展的观点出 发，就更应该将减少铸 造行业中稀土合金的 用量，作为当前生产技 术发展中的重要课题 之一。
Rare earth metals, magnesium and calcium have spheroidiz- ing effects in cast iron.
镁、稀土和钙在铸铁中都 有使石墨球化的作用。
40 |
FOUNDRY-PLANET.COM | MODERN CASTING | CHINA FOUNDRY ASSOCIATION Fall 2011
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85