Different nanoparticles bond better with different alloys. Te
nano research team has tried with success to coat nanoparticles with ceramic to help them bond better with the metal. “We also need specialty nanoparticles,” Li said. “Right
now, most are used for the semiconductor industry. But that’s not suitable for us on the metal side.” Te main challenge, however, will be to make the method
affordable for metalcasters to incorporate into their process. “Te cost of nanoparticles continues to decrease,” Weiss said.
“And since we use so little nanoparticle, it’s not tremendously influenced by particle cost but by processing time and cost.” Tat understanding is foremost on the minds of the nano researchers. “Our mission is to make it inexpensive,” Li said.
Nano in the Field Oshkosh is interested in nanotechnology to help cut weight
in its products, particularly defense vehicles. Hathaway recalled a vehicle his company worked on 12 years ago for the military. Te vehicle had to be lifted by a helicopter, so the weight guide- lines were strict and challenging. Te team was counting pounds and ounces to meet the limit, he remembered. Oshkosh found a way to meet the challenge without nanotechnology at the time, but the tiny pieces of matter could open up new and easier ways to lighten the load for future applications. Weight-saving through the use of nanoparticles will influ- ence the commercial sector, as well. “Every pound saved [in the weight of the vehicle] is a pound more of refuse or concrete a customer can haul,”
式将技术融合到他们的生产流程中。 “纳米颗粒的成本在持续降低，”Weiss 说，“我们 使用如此少量的纳米颗粒，影响惊人的不是纳米颗粒的 成本，而是加工时间和加工成本。”
“那是我们研究人员的首要共识，我们的任务是使它 更加便宜。”李教授说。
纳米技术领域
奥什科什公司兴趣在于纳米技术能帮助减轻他们的产 品重量，特别是一些特种防卫车辆，这种服务于军方的 车辆开始于12年前生产。这种车辆需要被直升机运输， 所以对重量要求十分严格。团队成员牢记每一磅每一盎 司的重量标准。在以前奥什科什公司自己找了一种不用 纳米技术的方法来达到这个重量要求，但是这个小小的 纳米能够在未来开创新的和较容易的手段来减轻重量。 通过使用纳米颗粒来减轻重量也将影响商业部 门。“（在汽车重量上）每减轻一磅重量都能更加吸 引客户，” Hathaway指出“降低了重量的部件也许 会更贵，但是却使它更快地到达工厂或战场，所以再
Nano Applications in Automobiles 纳米技术在汽车上的应用
Several automakers worldwide have embraced nano-
technology and are examining how to adapt it to improve performance. Up to 60% of the design and manufacture of cars, trucks and buses could be affected by nanotechnol- ogy in 10 years. Te automotive industry can benefit from nanomaterials in several areas, including frames and body parts, engines and powertrains, paints and coatings, suspen- sion and braking systems, lubrication, tires, exhaust systems and catalytic converters, electric and electronic equipment. Significant progress has been made over the last decade in understanding fundamental aspects of the synthesis of nanoparticles, nanorods, etc. Various processing routes have been developed for synthesis and commercial produc- tion, including vapor, liquid and solid state processing. Te most common method for synthesis of metal and ceramic nanoparticles with well-defined and narrow size distribution is inert-gas condensation. Different sources, such as evaporation, sputtering and laser, have been adopted to vaporize materials from the surface of solids into clusters. Te clusters generated are condensed, transported to and collected on a cold finger. Te nanoparticles formed are compacted in-situ under high- vacuum conditions to form a clean bulk nanocrystalline solid. Production methods of nanomaterials and coatings are
described below.
在在世界范围内很多汽车制造商都推崇纳米技术并 且在探寻怎么使纳米技术用来改进汽车性能。在未来十 年内，纳米技术将影响小汽车、卡车和公共汽车60%的 设计和生产。汽车工业能在很多方面使用纳米材料 车 架和车身部件, 引擎和动力系统, 油漆和镀膜, 悬架和刹 车系统, 润滑剂, 轮胎, 尾气排放系统和催化转换器, 电气 电子设备.
在过程的十年中人们对纳米粒子、纳米棒等合成体 的基本形貌研究已经取得重要进步。各种各样的加工 线路用于纳米材料的合成和商业生产，涵盖了气体、 液体和固体状态的各种加工线路（表1）。合成良好 粒度集中分布的金属和陶瓷纳米颗粒最普遍的合成方 法是在惰性气体环境中浓缩。其它方法如蒸发、溅射 以及激光都是使固体表面材料汽化成纳米簇。这些簇 在一个冷的指状物表面浓缩、运输和收集，最终在高 真空环境下生成压实成干净的大块纳米晶体。 纳米材料及涂层的生产方法描述如下： 物理气相沉积——通过仔细的控制加工条件可以制
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FOUNDRY-PLANET.COM | MODERN CASTING | CHINA FOUNDRY ASSOCIATION Fall 2011
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