This graph shows the GDP (in U.S. dollars) of several major met- alcasting-producing nations in 2010.
该图显示了2010年几 个主要铸造生产国的 GDP（美元）。
surpass North American production within the next 12 to 14 years. India already has a two-wheeler market (i.e. motor- bikes) of more than 1 million tons per month. Current research shows a strong relationship between
castings growth per capita and per capita GDP. Where any merging economy begins strong growth in per capita castings consumption – either as castings or as imported goods that are castings-rich—some critical per capita GDP growth occurs. Tis trend is expected to continue until physical infra- structure is built out and India’s population is saturated with cars, homes, appliances, etc. As the economy grows further, castings consumption per capita is expected to level out. According to IIF, the value of castings exported from India is about $1.2 billion (Fig. 6). Te majority of the cast- ings destined for export from India are municipal castings and industrial castings. Europe is the destination of a large percentage of industrial castings from India. Reliable data on castings imported into India are not available, but market conditions indicate it is more than the castings exported.
Metalcasting Expansion Much of India’s economic environment is advantageous
for metalcasters. A strong domestic demand and a rapidly growing middle class seem likely to remain for years to come. Te overall financial prosperity of Indian companies has given them the revenues and confidence to invest in met- alcasting and expand internationally. Labor costs in India are some of the lowest in the world. Unskilled labor costs in many plants are less than $100 a month. Skilled labor is $200 to $400 a month or less. Recent graduates of metallurgical engineering programs from good universities can be hired for an annual salary including benefits of $6,000. However, highly qualified personnel for mid- to senior-level manu- facturing technical and manufacturing positions are in short supply in India, especially in markets like metalcasting. Further, construction costs for new casting facilities, as
的12到14年里印度汽车产量将超过北美。印度的摩托车 市场每月铸造产量已经超过了一百万吨。 相关研究表明人均铸造产量与人均国内生产总值具有 很紧密的关联。凡任何新兴的经济体开始在人均铸件消 费上强劲增长—铸件或者富含铸件的进口货物—一些关 键的人均国内生产总值也会发生增长。预计这个趋势还 将继续，直到基础设施建设饱和和印度人口对汽车、住 房、家电等的消费饱和。由于经济将更进一步发展，人 均铸件消费也将伴随着增长。
据印度理工学院统计，印度出口的铸造产值大约12 亿美元（图6）。印度出口的铸件大部分是市政建设铸 件和工业铸件。印度工业铸件很大部分都出口到欧洲。 虽然没有印度进口铸件数量的可靠数据，但是市场状况 表明印度进口铸件超过了出口铸件。
铸造业的扩张
印度经济环境的许多方面对铸造厂商是有利的。在 未来几年很可能会保持强劲的国内需求和迅速增长的中 产阶层。印度公司整体财政繁荣让他们有实力和信心 向国际投资铸造业和扩张。印度劳动力成本是世界上最 低的国家之一。非熟练技工在一些铸造厂每月工资不到 100美元，而熟练技工的一个月工资大约在200到400 美元之间。来自好大学的冶金类应届毕业生受聘年薪为 6000美元。然而，中层到高层的制造技术和制造业职 位所需要的高素质人才在印度是很短缺的，特别是铸造 业市场。
Light vehicle production in In- dia, shown here for 2004 and 2008, has been a primary driver of the country’s casting output.
2004年和2008 年印度轻量化 汽车的生产， 这是该国铸件 产量的主要推 动力。
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FOUNDRY-PLANET.COM | MODERN CASTING | CHINA FOUNDRY ASSOCIATION Fall 2011
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