well as time to complete construction and permitting, are low. Health and safety compliance requirements for molding binders are nearly non-existent, and tooling costs are signifi- cantly lower than in developed countries, although tooling quality still is significantly lagging. Currently, the Indian metalcasting industry is made up of


more than 4,500 metalcasting facilities with a capacity of 7.5 million metric tons. IIF data indicates more than 95% of the facilities fall under the small scale industry category. But due to the growing expectations of OEMs regarding the quality and quantity of castings, India is expected to produce larger casting facilities over the next few years. Te size and scope of large plants are required to address investment requirements, power shortages and the talent crunch. Seven iron and steel casting groups now have casting


capacity approaching or exceeding 100,000 metric tons per year. Six aluminum casting groups each have a casting capac- ity of 20,000 metric tons per year. Some industry observers estimate the potential for production capacity will reach 10 million metric tons by 2012, which will require as much as $2 billion of investment. IIF groups the Indian metalcasting industry into five


geographic clusters in and near the cities of Belgaum, Batala/Jalandhar, Coimbatore, Kolhapur and Rajkot (Table 1). In the past, India has promoted the concept of clusters to help small companies compete, and more than 35% of the country’s metalcasters are in one of the five regions. How- ever, the concept is not expected to be viable long-term, and some casting organizations are beginning to expand outside the clusters with larger, modern facilities to accommodate the location and needs of customers. Te quality of cast- ings produced by these companies also is improving to meet global specifications. India faces some hurdles in its casting industry growth.


Along with a lack of sufficient infrastructure, consumable costs are higher in India than in developed countries, and the quality, capability and availability of the consumables are often limited. Further, while energy costs are somewhat controlled (the utilities and oil companies are state-owned), energy is often a problem, particularly finding a reliable sup- ply of electricity. Technology and manufacturing processes and qual-


ity requirements of OEMs, including Deere, Caterpil- lar, Navistar, GM, Ford and the major expanding Indian companies like Mahindra & Mahindra, pose significant challenges for Indian metalcasters. Tis offers opportunities for foreign metalcasters to build metalcasting facilities in India or enter into joint ventures. Attracting and maintain- ing an enthusiastic, younger work force also is a challenge in India. In order to keep younger employees, the Indian metalcasting industry will have to improve the environ- ment, health and safety of its facilities, which will eventu- ally be reflected in casting cost. Chinese imports are also a challenge for the Indian metalcaster, as are high capital costs (due to 16% interest rates). ■


To receive this digital magazine in the future, go to www.globalcastingmagazine.com.


此外，新铸造厂的工程费用低，建设时间和审批时 间短。造型用粘结剂的健康和安全要求几乎不存在， 而模具成本比发达国家明显低很多，模具质量仍然很 落后。


目前，印度铸造工业由4500多家铸造厂组成，具有 七百五十万吨的铸造能力。印度理工学院数据显示超过 95%的铸造厂属于小规模工厂。但由于原始设备制造商 关于铸件质量和数量的不断增长预期，印度预计在将来 几年会出现更大的铸造厂。大型工厂的规模要求必须解 决投资需求、电力短缺和人才短缺的问题。 七个钢铁铸造厂现在已经有接近或超过每年10万吨 的铸造能力。六个铝合金铸造厂均有每年2万吨的铸造 能力。一些行业观察家估计2012年印度铸造能力有潜力 达到每年一千万吨，这需要高达20亿美元的投资。 印度理工学院把印度铸造工业分为五个地理集群， 分别在Belgaum/ Batala/Jalandhar/ Coimbatore/ Kolhapur 和 Rajkot城市（图1）。印度以前就已经提 出了铸造集群的概念，以帮助小型企业竞争，超过35% 的铸造厂在这五个集群里。然而，集群在长远上讲并不 看好。一些主要铸造组织正在和大型的现代化的铸造厂 开始向集群外扩张，来调整工厂位置和满足客户需求。 这些工厂所生产的铸件质量也在不断提高，以满足国际 标准。


印度铸造工业增长面临着一些障碍。随着缺乏足够的 基础设施，印度的耗材成本高于发达国家，而且耗材的 质量、性能和可用性经常受到限制。此外，当能源成本 有些受约束时（公用事业和石油企业都是国有的），能 源往往是一个问题，特别是寻找可靠的电力供应。 原始设备制造商包括约翰迪尔、卡特彼 勒、Naivistar、通用、福特和正在扩张是印度公司比如 Mahindra＆Mahindra公司给印度铸造厂带来严峻的 挑战。这就给外国铸造商机会在印度建立铸造厂或者合 资进入印度。吸引和留住热情和年轻的劳动力也是印度 的一个挑战。为了留住年轻员工，印度铸造工业将不得 不改善工厂的环境、健康和安全。这些最终将反映到铸 造成本上。来自中国的进口，资本成本高（相当16%利 率），也是印度铸造厂的挑战， ■


要获得这在未来的数字杂志，去 www.globalcastingmagazine.com。


Fall 2011 FOUNDRY-PLANET.COM | MODERN CASTING | CHINA FOUNDRY ASSOCIATION | 55


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85