To find out if a budget is a surplus or deficit, the government compares its planned revenue to its planned expenditure.
Ifplanned revenue is higher than planned expenditure, there is a surplus. Ifplanned expenditure is higher than planned revenue, there is a deficit. A Surplus Budget
A surplus budget occurs when planned government revenue (money coming in) is greater than planned government expenditure (money going out).
This means the government will collect more than it spends.
In our graph, revenue is higher than expenditure, so there is a surplus of €18bn from €121bn - €103bn.
Government Revenue and Expenditure (In Billions)
100 120 140
20 40 60 80
0 Government Revenue Government Expenditure 121 103
What Could the Minister for Finance Do With A Budget Surplus?
ґ Reduce Our National Debt– Use the surplus to repay part of the national debt and reduce future interest costs.
ґ Increase Public Spending – Invest more in areas such as health, education or housing.
ґ Reduce Taxes – Lower certain taxes to increase disposable income for households and businesses.
ґ Build Financial Reserves – Save the money to prepare for future economic difficulties.
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STRAND 3 CHAPTER 30: Government revenue and government expenditure