HAIR CARE was decreased to 82.66% after 100 mM H2 O2
treatment, and the tight junction and cell number of stratum basal was becoming worse than control when stained with HE (Fig 3, a). The Episkin after 42 h VGP exposure with different dosages was the same as control both in cell viability and HE stains. Furthermore, the amount of LTB4 and PGE-2 and
release at 42 h after the addition ofH2 O2 O2
VGP was investigated. A significant increase in the amount released was observed depending on the 100 mM ofH2
, moreover, a significant decrease
was observed depending on the concentration of VGP (Fig 3, b and c).
VGP reduced the itching and redness of human scalp skin The clinical trial results indicated a higher incidence of improvement with VGP than with the vehicle. When applied with test shampoo (0.5% VGP) for 4 weeks, the TEWL and sebum content was reduced from 18.9 to 16.1 and 71.9 to 43.5 respectively in Figure 4. As shown in Table 2, the dandruff value of
ASFS was from 1.98 to 0.47 when treatment with test shampoo for 4 weeks; meanwhile the score of redness and itching was from 2.31 to 0.75 and 3.21 to 1.75 in T zone.
Discussion Malassezia was previously concluded to have an ability to evoke cytokine production by human keratinocytes and monocytes.12-13, 34-35
M. furfur as
lipophilic and dermatological pathogenic yeast causes various scalp troubles, such as dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis and itching.5-6, 36-37
In this
paper we demonstrated that heat-killed M. furfur enhanced lots of cytokines production from both human monocytic and epidermal cell lines at the protein level to cause cell inflammation. But even live cells of M. furfur and heat-killed ones could not induce strong activity of cytokine production in human reconstructed skin, while the peroxide H2
O2 stimulated cell damage and inflammation
dose dependently. Furthermore, more than 30 extracts from
plants were identified in the model of M. furfur enhanced cellular inflammation to screen the positive candidates for scalp troubles. We confirmed the VGP which consists of Vitex trifolia fruit, Gentiana scabra, and Polygonum multiflorum root extract with a special proportion, had the best anti-inflammatory effect against M.furfur. This study clarified that the expression of inflammatory cytokines in NHEK and THP1 cells in response to Malassezia was significantly inhibited, including IL-6, MCP-1, IL-1β and PGE-2. For the cytotoxicity and cytokines on addition of 100 mM H2
O2 was observed after 42 h, VGP
moderated epidermal basal condition and tight junction, decreased the content of LTB4 and PGE-
B
60 40 20 0
C * * ** Control H2 O2 0.39 0.9 (VGP)% O2 group, P<0.05; ** P<0.01) 0.1 3
250 200 150 100 50 0
0.6% VGP WITH 100mM H2 O2 2% VGP WITH 100mM H2 O2 CONTROL 100mM H2 O2
35
*
*
* Control H2 O2
0.39
0.9 (VGP)%
Figure 3: The effect of VGP on cytokines and structure induced by M.furfur in Episkin. (* Significant differences compared to H2
2 as well. The in vivo test confirmed VGP’s effect targeting scalp inflammation and condition. Applied test shampoo contained 0.5% VGP
for 4 weeks, the TEWL and sebum content value was decelerated on subjects, the score of dandruff, redness and itching was improved at the same time. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of VGP on human scalp responded to Malassezia and peroxide. More studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of VGP in keratinocytes and immunocytes to explain its pathways and interactional network.
Conclusion VGP, a multi-herb extraction, showed a better efficacy than DG on the inflammatory model of NHEK and THP-1 cells induced byMalassezia furfur. On the cell damage and cytokine release of Episkin induced by H2
O2 , VGP also improved
the cell number and tight junction of basal layer, reduced the amount of cytokines such as LTB-4 and PGE-2. In human scalp, VGP balanced the
TABLE 2: THE EFFECT OF VGP ON SCALP REDNESS, DANDRUFF AND ITCHING. Before use T0w
Without VGP T2w
Redness Dandruff Itching
2.21±1.00 1.85±1.20 3.14±0.90
2.31±0.90 1.98±1.40 3.20±1.00
(* Significant differences compared to T2w group, P<0.05; ** P<0.01) T4w
1.46±0.90** 1.41±1.30* 2.23±1.10**
0.5% VGP T6w
0.75±0.40** 0.47±0.30** 1.75±1.20**
microenvironment to improve the TEWL, sebum content, inflammation and dandruff. Therefore, VGP can play a role in scalp care and skin care by targeting inflammation as a natural active ingredient.
References 1. Wei S Y, Du Y J, Li L, et al. Progress in research work field with respect to the mechanism of dandruff and biochemical changes of dandruff scalp [J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics 2017; 47(12): 713-718.
2. Gaitanis G, Magiatis P, Hantschke M, et al. The Malassezia genus in skin and systemic diseases [J]. Clinical microbiology reviews 2012; 25(1):106-141.
3. Kerr K, Darcy T, Henry J, et al. Epidermal changes associated with symptomatic resolution of dandruff: biomarkers of scalp health [J]. International Journal of Dermatology 2011; 50(1):102-113.
4. Turner G A, Hoptroff M, Harding C R. Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff [J]. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 2012; 34(4):298-306.
5. Narifumi A, Hirohiko A, Shiori T, et al. Increased hydrophobicity in Malassezia species correlates with increased proinflammatory cytokine expression in human keratinocytes [J]. Medical Mycology 2012; 50 (8): 802-810.
6. Tatsuya S, Aiko T, Naohito O, et al. Enhancement of IL-8 production from human monocytic and granulocytic cell lines, THP-1
www.personalcaremagazine.com June 2021 PERSONAL CARE
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LTB4, ng.L-1
PGE-2, ng.L-1
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