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Big cats in borderlands 459


cooperation for leopard conservation and the suppression of illegal border trade. Given that the majority of the remaining leopard range in most countries is in borderlands, trans- boundary collaborations would foster the persistence of small but important populations of Asian leopards.


Acknowledgements We thank S. Karryeva, E. Askerov, H. Raza, O. Pereladova, B. Lortkipanidze, Y. Ilemin, T. Rosen, M. Kabir, N. Jahed, M. Gritsina and A. Gasparyan for contributing data on the legal status of the Persian leopard, Z. Islam for data on the Arabian leopard, and G.R. Clements, A.J. Lynam, and H. Naing for help with collecting data on the Indochinese leopard. MSF was supported by a research fellowship from the Oxford Martin School at the University of Oxford.


Author contributions Study design: MSF, DWM, data collection and analysis: MSF, SR-G, LF, JFK, AS, ES, MA-D; writing: all authors.


Conflicts of interest None.


Ethical standards This research abided by the Oryx guidelines on ethical standards.


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Oryx, 2021, 55(3), 452–460 © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605319000693


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