dr samdhattwrites


phospholipidic membranes from UV- induced peroxidation. FerulicAcid, in particular, has exhibited strength in protecting human skin from UVB-induced erythyma and proven its worth as a potent UV absorber in many lotions and sunscreens7


.


Quercetin One of the most common flavonoids, Quercetin serves the skin as a powerful antioxidant when integrated into a pre- and post-sun skin care regimen. Found in Apples, Grapes, Lemons, Onions, Broccoli, Kale, Cottonseed and the herb Gingko Biloba, Quercetin diminishes the harmful effects of UV light.


In a study published in Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, researchers demonstrated that the Flavonoid has the ability to protect the skin’s antioxidant systems glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase against UVA irradiation8


.


Apigenin Another common plant-based Flavonoid, Apigenin may help prevent UVA- and UVB-induced skin cancers, according to two studies published in Anticancer Research and Carcinogenesis. In those studies, tumor incidence decreased with a topical application ofApigenin, which is derived from herbs, such as Endive and Clove, fruits such asApples and Cherries, vegetables and beverages like tea and wine9, 10


.


Genistein Turns out Soybeans not only offer a great phytoestrogenic and protein source for vegans and menopausal women but its valuable phytonutrient Genestein has also been shown to inhibit UVB-induced tumors in mice, according to a study published in Carcinogenesis11


.


Furthermore, a 2001 study published in Photochemistry and Photobiology demonstrated how a topical application substantially inhibited UVB-induced hydrogen peroxide production and contact hypersensitivity and lowered the inflammatory edema reaction in mice12


.


CarnosicAcid Rosemary and Sage’s main constituent, CarnosicAcid is not only a potent antioxidant but also touts wide-ranging chemoprotective effects against carcinogens as demonstrated in a study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute ofMedicine13


.


A separate study published in Free Radical Biology &Medicine found human


Dr Sam Dhatt, an award-winning cosmeceutical chemist, founded DermaQuest® in 1999. During his


20-year career he has formulated and manufactured skin care products for over 700 companies. He holds an MS in Chemistry and an MBA in Marketing and Finance.


t: 0845 24 64 666


w: www.dermaquestinc.co.uk @DermaQuestUK


Silymarin Widely used as medicine in Europe for 2,000 years, Silymarin has been used most commonly for treating liver diseases. However, Silymarin, a standardised extract derived from the seeds of theMilk Thistle, may also have chemoprotective activity against skin cancer, according to several published papers15, 16, 17, 18


.


Topical application is thought to significantly inhibit UVB-induced skin edema and formation of sunburn and apoptotic cells, the destructive cells that cause cell death. It is also known to


References


1. Gao Z, Huang K, Xu H., (2001) Protective effects of flavonoids in the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgii against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HS-SY5Y cells. Pharmacol Res 43,173-8.


2. Afaq F,AdhamiVM,Ahmad N,Mukhtar H. (2002) Botanical antioxidants for chemoprevention of photocarcinogenesis. Front Biosci 7, 784-92.


3. European Journal of Pharmacology,Vol. 650, Issue 1, 10 Jan. 2011 p. 130-137


4. Katiyar SH,Mukhtar H (1997)Tea antioxidants in cancer chemoprevention. J Cell BiochemSuppl 27, 59-67


5.Wei H, Zhang X, Zhao JF,Wang ZY, Bickers DR, LebwohlM. (1999) Scavenging of hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of ultraviolet light-induced oxidative DNA damage by aqueous extracts fromgreen and black teas. Free Radic BiolMed 26, 1427-1435.


6. Katiyar SH,Ahmad N,Mukhtar H (2000) Green tea and skin.Arch Dermatol. 136, 989-94


7. SaijaA,TomatinoA,Trombetta D, De PasqualeA, Uccella N, BarbuzziT, Paolino D, Bonina F. (2000) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of caffeic and ferulic acids as topical photoprotective agents. Int J Pharm199, 39-47.


8. InalME, KahramantA, KokentT (2001) Beneficial effects of quercetin on oxidative stress induced by ultravioletA. Clin Exp Dermatol 26, 536-9.


9. Birt DF,Mitchell D, Gold B, Pour P, Pinch HC (1997) Inhibition of ultraviolet light induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1mice by apigenin, a plant flavonoid.Anticancer Res 17, 85-92.


10.McVeanM, Xiao H, Isobe K, Pelling JC. (2001) Increase in wild-type p53 stability and transactivational activity by the chemoprotective agent apigenin in keratinocytes. Carcinogenesis 21, 633-9


11.WangY,Yaping E, Zhang X, LebwohlM, DeLeoV,Wei H. (1998) Inhibition of ultraviolet (UVB-induced) c-fos and c-jun expression in vivo by protein kinase inhibitor genistein. Carcinogenesis 19, 649-54.


12.Widyarini S, Spinks N, HusbandAJ, ReeveVE. (2001) Isoflavonoid compounds fromred clover (Trifolium pretense) protect frominflammation and immune suppression induced by UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol 74,465-70.


13. DanilenkoM,Wang X, Studzinski GP. (2001) Carnosic acid and promotion ofmonocytic differentiation of HL60- G cells initiated by other agents. J Natl Cancer Inst. 15, 1224-33.


14. Offord EA, Gautier JC,Avanti O, Scaleta C, Runge F, Kramer K,Applegate LA (2002) Photoprotective potential of lycopene, ß-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C and carnosic acid in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Free Radic BiolMed 23, 1293-303.


15. Afaq F,AdhamiVM,Ahmad N,Mukhtar H. (2002) Botanical antioxidants for chemoprevention of photocarcinogenesis. Front Biosci 7, 784-92.


16. Singh RP,Agarwal R. (2002) Flavonoid antioxidant silymarin and skin cancer.Antioxid Redox Signal 4, 655–63.


17.Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E. (1994) Silybummarianum (Cardusmarianus). Fitoterapia 66, 3–22.


18. ŠimánekV,Walterová D,Vičar J, Urbaníková J, KřenV, Modrian- skýM, ŠkotováT, Ulrichová J. (2001) “Silymarin” – extrakt z ostropestremariánského (Silybum marianum) – lék nebo potravní doplnek. Ces Slov Farm 50, 66–9.


19. J Dermatol Sci (2007)Apr: 46(1): 21-30. Epub 2007 Feb. 7.


Nextmonth: Dr Sam Dhatt will look at newer, innovative ingredients that have also hit the skin care market for pre- and post-UV exposure.


In a 2007 Czech study, Silymarin was shown to extensively reduced depletion of GSH, the body’s natural antioxidant, glutathione, ROS production and lipid peroxidation in irradiated cells. In this report, Silymarin also significantly decreased formation of UVA-induced DNA damage19


.


Fibroblasts that were pre-treated with CarnosicAcid resulted in suppression of Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP) mRNA, a damaging enzyme caused by UVA irradiation and a biomarker of photoageing14


.


protect against the formation of UVB- induced Cyclobutane-Pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), pre-mutagenic lesions found in DNA and the primary cause of melanoma, according to the animal study published in Frontiers in Bioscience.


118 GUILD NEWS


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140  |  Page 141  |  Page 142  |  Page 143  |  Page 144  |  Page 145  |  Page 146  |  Page 147  |  Page 148  |  Page 149  |  Page 150  |  Page 151  |  Page 152  |  Page 153  |  Page 154  |  Page 155  |  Page 156  |  Page 157  |  Page 158  |  Page 159  |  Page 160  |  Page 161  |  Page 162  |  Page 163  |  Page 164  |  Page 165  |  Page 166  |  Page 167  |  Page 168  |  Page 169  |  Page 170  |  Page 171  |  Page 172  |  Page 173  |  Page 174  |  Page 175  |  Page 176  |  Page 177  |  Page 178  |  Page 179  |  Page 180  |  Page 181  |  Page 182  |  Page 183  |  Page 184  |  Page 185  |  Page 186  |  Page 187  |  Page 188  |  Page 189  |  Page 190  |  Page 191  |  Page 192  |  Page 193  |  Page 194  |  Page 195  |  Page 196  |  Page 197  |  Page 198  |  Page 199  |  Page 200