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LOW BACK PAIN IN GOLFERS

TABLE 1. GOLF-SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL EXERCISES 16a+b: Diagonal lifts to increase power in the upper body

17a,b+c: Use of medicine ball to build power in the upper body using functional golf patterns

Extension quadrant: Strengthens hip external rotators, low back muscles and pelvic stabilisers while improving balance and proprioception. Flexion quadrant: Strengthens hip internal rotators, pelvic stabilisers and abdomi- nal obliques while improving balance and proprioception. Shoulder quadrant: Activates the spinal rotator muscles preparing them to do work as well as increasing strength and endurance. Assisted backswing: Facilitates the feeling of a proper loaded backswing position while improving torso range of motion within a golf-specific pattern. Accelerated swing: Promotes the feeling of early hip rotation followed by a proper weight shift onto the lead leg while enhancing dynamic balance. Shoulder accelerated swing: Links the upper body and pelvis to complete the feel- ing of proper loading, weight shift, timing and rotation during all phases of the swing.

Resisted swing: Builds strength and power from the pelvis and legs allowing a more solid move through the shot. Golf lunge: Promotes hip power while incorporating the torso rotary muscles neces- sary for a powerful move through impact. Forward lunge with trunk rotation: Builds leg and hip power while strengthening the muscles needed for upper body rotation.

needed and allow them to gain more strength, better balance and more flexibil- ity in each golfer’s specific swing pattern. The result will not only effectively treat golfers with low back pain but also pre- vent future injuries and enhance golf-spe- cific movement patterns and performance.

THE AUTHOR Jeff Booher served as the physical ther- apist and athletic trainer for the PGA Tour and Senior PGA Tour for six years. He has worked with and helped golf’s greatest players, including Tiger Woods, David Duval, Fred Couples, Greg Norman, Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer. Jeff has writ- ten articles for, or been a contributing edi- tor for, Golf Magazine, Golf Digest, Senior Golfer and the USA Today. He wrote the chapter on golf in the Team Physician’s Handbook, 3rd edition. He is currently the founder and president of Fitness Golfer, Inc. which provides continuing education seminars for healthcare professionals on the topics of golf fitness and golf perfor- mance.

References 1. Brakeville R et al. Help patients make par

www.sportex.net

without pain. Biomechanics 1998:55-58 2. McCarroll JR, Rettig AC, Shelbourne KD, Injuries in the Amateur Golfer. American College of Sports Medicine 1990 3. Metz JP. Managing golf injuries, technique and equipment changes that aid treatment. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 1999;27(7):41-54 4. Rozzi S, Yuktanandana P, Pincivero D, Lephart S. Role of fatigue on proprioception and neuromuscular control. Joint Stability 2000 Lephart S, Fu F, (Eds.):378 5. Flores A. Objective measures of standing bal- ance. Neurology Report - American Physical Therapy Association 1992;16:17-21 6. Nasher L. Practical Biomechanics and Physiology of Balance. Handbook of Balance Function and Testing 1993, Jacobsen G, Newman C, Kartush J, (Eds.):261-279 7. Freeman MAR. Instability of the foot after injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle. Journal of Bone Joint Surgery 47B 1965:669-677 8. Panjabi MM. The stabilising system of the spine. Part 1. Function, dysfunction, adapta- tion, and enhancement. Journal of Spine Disorders 1992;5(4):383-389 9. Richardson C, Jull G, Hodges P, Hides J. Therapeutic exercise for spinal segmental sta- bilisation in low back pain. Scientific Basis and Clinical Approach 1999;14-19.

London, UK. Churchill Livingstone 10. Draovitch P and Westcott W. Complete Conditioning for Golf 1999 11. Lyons C. Review of Proprioception and its Role in Low Back Pain. North

American Institute of Orthopaedic Manual Therapy Newsletter Winter 2002 (VII) Issue 1 12. Johansson H, Sjolander P. Neurophysiology of Joints. Mechanics of Human Joints 1993 Wright V., Radin EL, (Eds.):243-290 13. Plisk SS. Speed, Agility, and Speed- Endurance Development. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning 2000; Baechle TR, Earle RW, (Eds.):472-474. Champaign, IL

18: Side shuffling and retro walking using a treadmill

14. Simpson R, Muscle Control, Muscle Function, and the Instant Replay:1-4 15. Garrett Jr. WE, Kirkendall DT, Motor Learning, Motor Control, and Knee Injuries. Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control in Joint Stability, Human Kinetics 2000 edited by Lephart S, Fu F. Pages 53-57. Champaign, IL 16. Chek P. The Golf Biomechanic’s Manual, Whole in One Golf Conditioning 2001 17. Tesh KM, Shaw Dunn J, Evans JH, The Abdominal Muscles and Vertebral Stability. Spine 1987;12(2):501-508 18. Irrgang JJ, Neri R. The Rational for Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Activities for Restoration of Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control Following Injury. Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control in Joint Stability 2000; Lephart S, Fu F, (Eds.):365-369 Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

19. Pink M, Perry J, Jobe F. Electromyographic analysis of the trunk in golfers. American Journal of Sports Medicine 1993;21(3) :385-388 20. Young-Tae L. Lower Trunk Muscle Activities During the Golf Swing - Pilot Study. North American Congress on Biomechanics 1998;(58):1-4

21. Bechler JR et al. Electromyographic Analysis of the Hip and Knee During the Golf Swing. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine 1995;5:162-166

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