Fig. 3. Here are the constitutive ele- ments of a design.


一项ગઋङ ֣ পҫ本ׂ


review of the feeding systems that are cur- rently employed in the manufacturing of cast steel components, where special attention is paid to yield optimization due to its direct and significant influence on the manufacturing costs. Tis work has been developed from a complex variable


matrix that takes into account the materials to be cast (liquid state metallurgy and solidification), the state-of-the-art feed- ing systems (core-sleeves, padding-sleeves and mini-risers patented by ASK Chemicals) and some advanced feeding concepts (thermal modulus, volume minimization and feed- ing distance). Te industrialization stage has been performed in several


foundries, particularly at FONDESAL, leading to yield lev- els over 60% in parts subjected to radiographic controls. Te R&D project entitled “SUPERALLOY” serves as


a basis for this article, where the main achieved results are published, new feeder designs and compositions are proposed and the latest news regarding the feeding systems of the short-term future are presented. Te casting technologies applied to steels and complex


alloys present a number of particular features that have lim- ited their advances in terms of net/gross yield and productiv- ity, especially if compared to other cast metal families. When studying the particular characteristics shown by


the cast steel components, special attention must be paid to feeding systems and metallurgical considerations, since it


接फव有本成ф生ث 此֜，ր影ङ显明৲ 。注Ҽљ加ҿث要需 થ项ऩङ开Շ是


ৰङ合ু量Պثйׂ ਖ਼，包括需要铸造ङ


砂热Շ（统系ঢ়੭ङ新最、）֡凝չ金冶ङہ液（料材 ਯ、Շ热੯套չо世ॠ化学ц有Ћӯङ+^GIZIGYZ™微型 ӈՍ）љՃ一пү进ङ੭ঢ়概念（热模数、੭ঢ়液量最 Ӱ特，Դ造铸ѕҿչ学化ॠ世о֨。）ख़距ঢ়੭չ化ش 经，३过ङ化Џфҿд੧进经已Иוગङ2'9+*45,是 。 过超率սӟਫ工，ў铸ङ测检িذ>过 ҿ，ऩ项Շूङȕ金合级超ȔОդ是ॅׂङ文ખ本


构չઋગՍӈङ新ӟ提，就成要Пङ得Ո经已٢ҸرИ 。息消新最ङيՇ统系ঢ়੭期近ॐي并，成 殊特ङӧ系一व有术技造铸ङ金合合זչ钢й用应


限םם性特п这，时较比ً金ѕҿ造铸չ֨是ҿ尤，性 Ӳдҿӟս率չ生ф率Їङ提高。 չ统系ঢ়੭意注Ӱ特要需，时性殊特ङў钢铸९ू֨ ӈव随。面方п这֨现ѽ都ਧ改ङ要重ҿ֜，ਖ਼ৰ金冶 边յ高提םם৲进并，化ش最رЭ֡凝热，شӗت尺Ս


Fig. 4. Shown are the most significant process variables.


March 2016 FOUNDRY-PLANET.COM | MODERN CASTING | CHINA FOUNDRY ASSOCIATION | 57


最重要ङ工ਫ ֣ Հ数


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