CHAPTER 4 | Nutrition Assessment of Older Adults 65 Box 4.13 (continued)


Hispanic Americans from Mexico or Central America • Steamed rice; corn products such as tortillas • Many varieties of beans; chili peppers; tomatoes; mangoes; prickly pear fruit; potatoes • Meat and sausage; fish; poultry; eggs • Lard; chocolate and coffee drinks; cakes; pastries


Black Americans from the West Indies, Central America, or South America and recent African Immigrants


• Millet, corn, wheat, rice, or barley • Starchy roots such as cassavas, yams; plantains; bananas; coconuts; peanuts; fresh fruits; hot peppers; tomatoes; onions; okra


• Palm oil; fruit wine; tea; coffee; honey; molasses


Southern Black Americans from West Africa (many generations in the United States) • Rice; hominy grits; biscuits; cornmeal and cornbread • Legumes; potatoes; onions; tomatoes; hot peppers; green leafy vegetables; okra; sweet potatoes; squashes; corn; cabbage; melons; peaches


• Smoked pork; meats and poultry; fish; thick stews • Pecans; butter, shortening, and lard; sugar; bread puddings, pies, and sweets


Chinese Americans from China (diets may vary with region)


• Rice and rice gruel; wheat noodles; soybean noodles • Corn; cabbage-like vegetables; squashes; cucumbers; eggplant; leafy vegetables; various shoots (bamboo, mung, and soy); sweet potatoes; radishes; onions; peas and pods; mushrooms; roots; local vegetables; pickled vegetables; sea vegetables; plums; peaches; tangerines; kumquats; citrus fruits; litchis; longans; mangoes; papayas; pomegranates


• Soybean products (tofu and soy milk); meat; fish with bones; poultry; seafood • Soup or tea as beverage; soy sauce; sugar


Japanese Americans from Japan


• Rice • Vegetables (including pickled and sea); fruits; salads • Soy (miso, tofu, bean paste); fish with bones; seafood • Sugars as seasoning; ginseng; soy sauce


Korean Americans from South Korea


• Rice; noodles • Leafy vegetables; kimchi (hot pickled cabbage); sea vegetables; hot peppers; seasonal fruits; mushrooms • Small fish with bones; grilled beef; chicken; squid; octopus; lobster; mussels; eggs • Lard and vegetable fat for frying; sesame oil; nuts and seeds; ginger; sugar as a seasoning


Vietnamese Americans from Vietnam


• Rice; rice noodles; French bread and croissants • Hot peppers; curries of asparagus and potatoes; salads; tropical fruits and vegetables; lemons and limes • Small portions of poultry; eggs; fish pâtés; nuoc cham (a strong, fermented fish sauce) • Sweets, candies; sweetened drinks; coffee; tea; butter


American Indians


• Southeast: corn; cornmeal; coontie (palmlike plant flour); fried bread; pumpkins; squashes; papayas; alligator, snake, wild hog, duck, fish, and shellfish


• Northeast: blueberries; cranberries; beans; corn; pumpkins; fish; lobster; wild game; maple syrup • Midwest: bison; beans; corn; melons; squashes; tomatoes • Southwest: corn (many varieties); beans; squash; pumpkins; chili peppers; melons; pine nuts; cactus • Northwest: salmon; caviar; fish; otter; seal; elk; whale; bear; other game; wild fruits, nuts, and greens


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