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264 CHAPTER 17 | Gastrointestinal Disorders and the Older Adult


17. Lee KA, Park JC, Park YK. Nutrient intakes and medication use in elderly individuals with and without dry mouths. Nutr Res Pract. 2020;14(2):143-151. doi:10 . 4162 / nrp . 2020 . 14 . 2 . 143


18. O’Mahony D, O’Leary P, Quigley EM. Aging and intestinal motility: a review of factors that affect intestinal motility in the aged. Drugs Aging. 2002;19(7):515-527. doi:10 . 2165 / 00002512 - 200219070 - 00005


19. Wirth R, Dziewas R, Beck AM, et al. Oropharyngeal dysphagia in older persons—from pathophysiology to adequate intervention: a review and summary of an international expert meeting. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:189-208. doi:10 . 2147 / CIA . S97481


20. Bizzotto A, Iacopini F, Landi R, Costamagna G. Zenker’s diverticulum: exploring treatment options. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2013;33(4):219-229.


21. Escott-Stump S. Esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux, and hiatal hernia. Nutrition & Diagnosis-Related Care. 9th ed. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; 2022:521-525.


22. Chait MM. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: important considerations for the older patients. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;2(12):388-396. doi:10 . 4253 / wjge . v2 . i12 . 388


23. Flesher M. Diet and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Canadian Society of Intestinal Research. 2022. Accessed May 3, 2022. https:// badgut . org / information - centre / health - nutrition / diet - and - gerd


24. Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. In: PCRM’s Nutrition Guide for Clinicians. Updated 2021. Accessed May 3, 2022. https:// nutritionguide . pcrm . org / nutritionguide / view / Nutrition _ Guide _ for _ Clinicians / 1342015 / all / Gastroesophageal _ Reflux _ Disease 23


25. Soenen S, Rayner CK, Horowitz M, Jones KL. Gastric emptying in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 2015;31(3):339-53. doi:10 . 1016 / j . cger . 2015 . 04 . 003


26. Saltzman JR, Russell RM. The aging gut. Nutritional issues. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1998;27(2):309-324. doi:10 . 1016 / s0889 - 8553(05)70005 - 4


27. Otaki F, Iyer P. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett esophagus in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med: 2021;37(1):17- 29. doi:10 . 1016 / j . cger . 2020 . 08 . 003


28. Serra-Prat M, Mans E, Palomera E, Clavé P. Gastrointestinal peptides, gastrointestinal motility, and anorexia of aging in frail elderly persons. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012;25(4):291-e245. doi:10 . 1111 / nmo . 12055


29. Britton E, McLaughlin JT. Aging and the gut. Proc Nutr Soc. 2012;72(1):173-7. doi:10 . 1017 / S0029665112002807


30. Beto JA. The role of calcium in human aging. Clin Nutr Res. 2015;4(1):1-8. doi:10 . 7762 / cnr . 2015 . 4 . 1 . 1


31. Iron-deficiency anemia. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Accessed May 3, 2022. www. nhlbi . nih . gov / health - topics / iron - deficiency - anemia


32. Pacholok SM. Vitamin B12 deficiency: serious consequences. Pharmacy Times. 2013;79(12). Accessed May 3, 2022. www. pharmacytimes . com / view / vitamin - b12 - deficiency - serious - consequences


33. Galesanu C, Mocanu V. Vitamin D deficiency and the clinical consequences. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2015;119(2):310-318.


34. Information for health professionals. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Accessed May 3, 2022. https:// ods . od . nih . gov / HealthInformation / healthprofessional . aspx


35. Malik Z. Bezoars: digestive disorders. Merck Manual Consumer Version. Revised September 2022. Accessed October 3, 2022. www. merckmanuals . com / home / digestive - disorders / bezoars - and - foreign - bodies - of - the - digestive - tract / bezoars


36. Sato S, Kiyono H, Fujihashi K. Mucosal Immunosenescence in the gastrointestinal tract: a mini- review. Gerontology. 2014;61(4):336-342. doi:10 . 1159 / 000368897


37. DiStefano M, Veneto G, Malservisi S, Strocchi A, Corazza GR. Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in the elderly. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001;36(12):1274-1278. doi:10 . 1080 / 003655201317097119


38. Freeman HJ. Adult celiac disease in the elderly. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(45):6911-6914. doi:10 . 3748 / wjg . 14 . 6911


39. Lohi S, Mustalahti K, Kaukinen K et al. Increasing prevalence of coeliac disease over time. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26(9):1217-1225. doi:10 . 1111 / j . 1365 - 2036 . 2007 . 03502 . x


40. Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative review: nutrient deficiencies in adults and children with treated and untreated celiac disease. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):500. doi:10 . 3390 / nu12020500


41. Fujimori S. What are the effects of proton pump inhibitors on the small intestine? World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(22):6817-6819. doi:10 . 3748 / wjg . v21 . i22 . 6817


42. Almeida JA, Kim R, Stoita A, McIver CJ, Kurtovic J, Riordan SM. Lactose malabsorption in the elderly: role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(2):146-154. doi:10 . 1080 / 00365520701676617


43. Takakura W, Pimentel M. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome—an update. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:664. doi:10 . 3389 / fpsyt . 2020 . 00664


44. Pimentel M, Saad R, Long M, Rao S. ACG clinical guideline: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(2):165-178. doi:10 . 14309 / ajg . 0000000000000501


45. Manitius N, Scarlata K, Lee A, et al. Discerning fact from fiction in SIBO: what RDNs need to know. Medical Nutrition Matters. 2021;40(3):2-13.


46. Nickles MA, Hasan A, Shakhbazova A, Wright S, Chambers CJ, Sivamani RK. Alternative treatment approaches to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a systematic review. J Altern Complement Med. 2021;27(2):108-119. doi:10 . 1089 / acm . 2020 . 0275


47. Rao S. Constipation in the older adult. UpToDate. Updated May 20, 2020. Accessed May 10, 2022. www. uptodate . com / contents / constipation - in - the - older - adult


48. Deloose E, Janssen P, Depoortere I, Tack J. The migrating motor complex: control mechanisms and its role in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;9(5):271- 285.doi:10 . 1038 / nrgastro . 2012 . 57


49. Forootan M, Bagheri N, Darvishi M. Chronic constipation. Medicine. 2018;97(20):e10631. doi:10 . 1097 / MD . 0000000000010631


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