448 INDEX


lactose intolerance, 256, 257b, 271 Langerhans cells, 70 language


in ageism, 3 in culture change, 28, 29b


lanugo, 59t large intestine, 257–261


age-related changes in, 251f, 257–261, 261b, 262b


colorectal cancer of, 201, 232, 242, 261 radiation therapy in, 241b surgery in, 239b


motility alterations in, 250 larynx, 239b


latent autoimmune diabetes, 219 laxatives, 61, 113b


lean body mass, 44, 46, 47 legal issues


in end-of-life care, 316, 317 in dementia, 321


and nutrition support, 327, 328, 329–331 and federal regulations. See federal regulations in food allergy in elder care facilities, 275–276 and food labeling, 273–274 in workplace, 275


litigation risks in, 391–396 in long-term care facilities, 339 in nutrition support, 299, 327, 328


in withholding and withdrawing support, 329–331


in scope of practice, 380 leptin, 283 levels of practice, 383, 384b


levodopa therapy in Parkinson disease, 288b, 289 Lewy body dementia, 278–279, 284 Lewy Body Dementia Association of Canada, 284 Lhermitte sign in multiple sclerosis, 292 liability insurance, 391, 392 liberalized diets


in end-of-life care, 318, 328 in long-term care and culture change, 33 nutrition assessment in, 44 liberation of drugs, 102–103, 104b licorice, 114 life expectancy


and fluid intake decisions, 323 and goals of nutrition care, 318 in hospice, 316, 327 in palliative care, 316 trends in, 4–5, 7


Life Safety Code, 351, 352 lifestyle


and cancer risk, 232, 233b and dementia risk, 280 and gut function, 250, 251b in multiple sclerosis management, 292


life-sustaining treatment, physician orders for, 317 lipids, in parenteral nutrition formulas, 310, 311, 312b lipid serum levels


in diabetes, 220, 220t, 229


drugs affecting, 113b, 116b in enteral nutrition, 116b in ketogenetic diet and seizure disorders, 294 in kidney disease and dialysis, 216


lipoproteins, 85t, 94, 95b lips


cleft, 183b


in nutrient deficiencies, 60t, 170b nutrition strategies in disorders of, 174b litigation risks, 391–396 liver


age-related changes in, 100, 101, 104b cancer-related surgery affecting, 239b and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity, 105 and hepatotoxic drugs, 109 laboratory screening for disorders of, 85t, 86 protein requirements in disorders of, 47b


living wills, 317


loneliness and isolation, 16, 48 in end-of-life care, 317


long-term care


activities of daily living in, 121 care area assessment in, 343–344 Care Compare rating system on, 345, 359 civil money penalties in, 349, 355


consumer access to information on, 345, 359, 363


in corrections facilities, 363 in COVID-19 pandemic, 395–396 culture change in, 26–34 depressive symptoms in, 63 in diabetes, 224


dining experience in. See dining experience, in long-term care


discharge planning in, 348–349 eating environment evaluation in, 48 emergency management in, 402–403, 410–429


federal regulations on. See federal regulations, on long-term care


food allergy accommodations in, 274, 275–276 hydration status in, 160–161 ìnterdisciplinary care plan in, 345–348 litigation risks in, 391, 395–396 medical model of, 26, 27, 29, 339 Minimum Data Set in, 340–341 nutrition support in, 302, 306


Patient-Driven Payment Model in, 147, 344 person-driven care in, 26–34


quality assurance and performance improve- ment in, 366–378, 379


resident assessment in, 160–161, 339–345 nutrition screening in, 40, 139 weight measurements in, 52


resident rights in, 339 in culture change, 32, 32b, 33 in interdisciplinary care plan, 346 scope of practice in, 380


standards of practice and professional perfor- mance in, 383, 384, 385b, 386


survey process in, 161, 349–356, 366


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