440 INDEX


standards of excellence in, 388 state websites on, 401b


supply plan in, 405, 406–407, 416, 427 survey process on, 352 types of events in, 398, 399b vulnerability analysis in, 403 water supply plan in, 404, 405, 406b, 423, 428 emotions in end-of-life care, 317, 331–333 empathy in end-of-life care, 332


empowerment, in long-term care and culture change, 28b


enamel, dental, erosion of, 170 encephalopathy, 279 end-of-life care, 316–333 advance directives on. See advance directives in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 291 appetite in, 317, 318b, 321, 322–324 in cancer, 321, 323–324 communication skills in, 331–333 in dementia, 285, 318, 321–322, 327 ethical and legal issues in, 321, 328 enteral nutrition in, 318, 327 ethical issues in, 327, 328–331, 333 in COVID-19 pandemic, 322 in dementia, 321


federal regulations on, 362 goals in, 317–318 handfeeding in, 327, 329 in Huntington disease, 286


improving oral intake in, 324b, 325b–326b, 326


medications in, 323, 326 Nutrition Care Process in, 318–322 nutrition support in, 327–331 potential benefits and burdens of, 329, 330b withholding and withdrawing of, 329–331 quality of life in, 317, 320, 328


standards of practice and professional perfor- mance in, 386


supportive nutrition care protocol in, 331, 332b


end-stage renal disease, 97, 210 laboratory screening for, 85t malnutrition risk in, 212, 212b phosphorus levels in, 214


energy intake, 44, 301 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 290–291 in cancer, 237, 237t, 243 in dementia, 281, 283 in diabetes, 223


in enteral nutrition, 301, 304, 306


estimation of requirements for, 44, 46b, 237, 237t, 301


in kidney disease, 212, 213t, 216, 223 in malnutrition, 141, 142b, 143 in parenteral nutrition, 301, 310, 312b predictive equations on, 44, 45b, 301 in pressure injuries, 75, 76b, 79 in weight loss diet, 50


enteral nutrition, 302–309, 313 access for, 303–304


administration techniques, 306–307 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 291 in cancer, 243, 303b carbohydrates in, 301, 306 complications of, 308–309 continuous, 115, 306, 307, 307b, 309 in end-of-life care, 327 contraindications to, 303, 303b decision algorithm on, 298f, 298–299 dehydration in, 154, 158


in dementia, 191–192, 284–285, 303, 327, 328


in dysphagia, 192, 303, 303b emergency management plan on, 406 in end-of-life care, 318, 327, 328, 329 energy intake in, 301, 304, 306 ethical and legal issues in, 329 fat in, 301, 306


formula selection in, 304–306, 305t gastric residual volume in, 307–308 glucose blood levels in, 116b, 307 hang time in, 307, 307b in home, 20, 22, 302, 306 indications for, 302–303, 303b intermittent, 306, 307, 307b, 309 in end-of-life care, 327 laboratory tests in, 116b, 308 litigation risks in, 393, 394 medications in, 307, 309 complications of, 308, 309


precautions and interactions in, 115, 116b, 307, 308


monitoring of, 307–308 nocturnal feedings in, 306 vitamins and minerals in, 302


Enteral Nutrition Handbook (ASPEN), 327 enterostomy feeding tube, 304 environmental factors


cultural change in, 26–34


in dining experience, 32, 48, 122–123, 124 history-taking on, 48, 64 in independent living, 15–17 in multiple sclerosis, 291, 292, 293 in Parkinson disease, 286 in undernutrition, 43b enzymes, digestive, 262b


eosinophilic esophagitis, 266, 269–270 epidermis, 70, 70f, 71 epilepsy, 293–294


anticonvulsant drugs in, 113b epinephrine in food allergy, 274, 275 erosion of dental enamel, 170 erythrocytes. See red blood cells erythropoietin, 214


esophageal sphincters, 181, 252, 253 esophagitis, eosinophilic, 266, 269–270 esophagus


age-related changes in, 182b, 185b, 251f, 252–253, 254b, 262b


Barrett’s, 253 cancer-related surgery affecting, 239b


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