‘
One of the most commonly encountered problems around calving is milk fever, with the average annual clinical incidence in UK dairy herds estimated to be approximately 7-8%
arm length gloves when examining calving animals.
Bacterial contamination of the uterus Throughout a normal pregnancy the uterus is a sterile environment. At calving muscle relaxation and dilation of the cervix permits bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen, meaning that even after a normal calving 90-100% of animals have bacterial contamination of their uterus in the fi rst 10 days of lactation. A wide range of bacteria have been identifi ed as uterine contaminates. Bacteria that are particularly pathogenic within the uterine lumen and associated with disease are Arcanobacteriumpyogenes, Fusobacteriumnecrophurum, Escherichia coli and Prevotella species. Clostridium species are also occasionally isolated, but are not always associated with severe disease. The uterus represents an ideal environment for bacterial growth with bacteria thriving in the mix of mucus, blood and sloughed placental tissue.
So when nearly all animals experience bacterial contamination of the uterus why do we not see more disease? Despite the high rate of contamination of the bovine uterus, only about 10-15% of animals ever exhibit clinical signs of uterine disease, with many of these infections being self-resolving. This difference represents the effect of the local and systemic immunity.
Factors that disrupt uterine defence mechanisms and that interfere with normal uterine involution will increase the incidence of metritis, these include RFM, abortion, milk fever and trauma.
Post calving Infection management
The diagnosis of metritis is relatively straightforward with the presence of a foetid vulval discharge readily apparent. The severity
of the signs will depend on the extent of the infection and also the presence of any ot her conditions, such as milk fever and ketosis. The choice of treatment will depend largely on the fi ndings of the clinical examination.
’
Mild cases may require minimal intervention, while cases of severe, toxic metritis (collapse, cold extremities) require urgent and intensive treatment. Supportive therapy is important and it is important to treat any concurrent disease such as hypocalcaemia and ketosis. To minimise the impact on future fertility it is important that producers take steps to pro-actively manage uterine infections. This may include routine fresh cow monitoring so that any disease is rapidly identifi ed and treated. Having standardised treatment protocols for the disease will help ensure animals are treated appropriately and these should be drawn up with input from your own vet as part of the health planning process and regularly reviewed.
Each issue of The Journal works alphabetically to profi le a Holstein Club and as a special offer, the Club is given a discounted rate for adverts. Discount rates are shown below: Size
Price
Full page Half page
Quarter page
£300 (saving £60) £150 (saving £30) £75 (saving £15)
Future Clubs are as follows: Issue
Western Yorkshire
Featured Club
December Suffolk February West Midlands April June
August Border & Lakeland
Being next in line alphabetically, Suffolk members are eligible to advertise at the discounted rate for the December issue.
If you’re not sure where to start – remember that member’s adverts,
as usual, can be produced FREE OF CHARGE by The Journal team.
Other discounts are available including 20% DISCOUNTS on three or more bookings.
DECEMBER ISSUE DEADLINE: 17 October
Don’t miss out on this unique advertising opportunity to support your Club and affordably promote your stock! Reserve your space by contacting Heather Lewinton: 01923 695261,
heatherlewinton@holstein-uk.org
THE
JOURNAL FOR HOLSTEIN AND BRITISH FRIESIAN BREEDERS
JUNE 2014
LONGEVITY SPECIAL Sandisfarne and Bidlea herd features
Withamhall herd and South & Wiltshire Club Spring show highlights from across the UK
INSIDE: MARIE COW FAMILY
APRIL PROOF RUN TOP 20 BULLS AVAILABLE
THE
JOURNAL FOR HOLSTEIN AND BRITISH FRIESIAN BREEDERS
AUGUST 2014
MARKETING
Riverdane and Longmoor herd features Huddlestone herd and South Eastern Club UK Dairy Day show preview
INSIDE: HOLSTEIN CELEBRATION e4-14
Cover.indd 3 7/17/2014 1:23:33 PM
HYB COMPETITIONS DAY RESULTS
2014
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136