The Last Supper was painted on a dining room wall of a monastery in Milan. Usually, artists painted wall paintings as frescoes, but Leonardo wanted to experiment. Instead of a true fresco on wet plaster, Leonardo painted with oil tempera on stone. Very soon the paint began to peel off one of the greatest works of art. Later artists covered over Leonardo’s original work.
‘In this work … Leonardo had imagined and succeeded in expressing the suspicion the Apostles experienced when they sought to discover who would betray their master.’ (G. Vasari, The Lives of the Artists)
The Virgin of the Rocks
Leonardo painted two versions of the Virgin of the Rocks. These show the Virgin Mary and Jesus with John the Baptist and an angel. Leonardo used sfumato to create changes in skin tone and in the background of the painting. His background of rocks and plants shows his interest in nature.
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Mona Lisa
Leonardo painted the Mona Lisa in Florence. She was the wife of a rich merchant. Some historians say this is the most famous painting in the world. Leonardo used sfumato and created a natural background in painting the Mona Lisa.
‘In this portrait by Leonardo, there is a smile so pleasing that it seems more divine than human, and it was considered a wondrous thing that it was as lively as the smile of the living original.’
G. Vasari, The Lives of the Artists Sfumato
This method of painting creates a fine shading so that there is a gradual change between colours. It is often used to move slowly from areas of light to areas of dark, to make scenes more realistic and also to create depth. As Leonardo said, it is painting ‘without lines or borders, in the manner of smoke’.