PATTERNS OF CHANGE – CRIME AND PUNISHMENT


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Key Words Capital offences (capital punishment) the legal killing of someone as a punishment for crime Deterrent


Hue and cry Magistrate Pillory


Sanctuary


punishment to discourage, prevent future crimes chasing a suspected criminal with loud shouts for help person acting as a judge for less serious crimes


timber frame used in medieval times for punishment when people had their heads locked in place


protection in a safe place, usually a church, in medieval times


Separate system system where prisoners were kept in separate cells in Britain in the 19th century Silent system Stocks


system where prisoners were silent at all times used in 19th-century British jails


timber frame used in medieval times for punishment when people had their legs locked in place


Terrorism


Transportation Treason


Trial by ordeal the use of violence to achieve political aims


sending criminals to Australia from Britain as a punishment in early 19th century crime of attempting to overthrow government


Trial by combat trial in medieval times by which guilt or innocence was decided by a battle between the accused and the person who accused him


trial in medieval times by which guilt or innocence was decided by a painful test


Summary: Crime and Punishment Topics/Time Ancient Rome


The Middle Ages


Laws and Crimes


Law of Twelve Tables – written code of law Gap between rich and poor


Mostly petty theft, robberies No police force


Soldiers kept order


Vigiles for night patrols Victims collected evidence of crime


Christians regarded as criminals


Similar crimes but law enforced by local community


Little differences with Ancient Rome


Against person, property and government


Mostly petty theft and poaching


Little violent crime


Rebellion against the king or prince – treason Law enforced by local community Hue and cry Local court


Trial by ordeal Trial by combat Parish constable and sheriffs


More judges 489


Industrial Society


Rise in crime tackled by organised police force


Growing population, urbanisation and poverty


Petty theft, smuggling, robbery


End of Bloody Code – fewer hangings Robert Peel – organised police force, ‘peelers’ – Metropolitan Police


Crime prevention


Modern Times


Notable influence of new technologies in crimes and enforcement New types of crime


Driving offences Race and drug crime Cybercrime – new versions of old crimes Terrorism Smuggling


Decriminalising some acts


Police use new technologies Fingerprinting


DNA samples Specialist police units


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