Ireland experienced the Great Famine between 1845 and 1850. The principal causes of the famine were:
1 Rise in population 4 The blight
Causes of the Great Famine
3
Dependence on the potato
1 Rise in population
The population of Ireland grew from 6.8 million in 1821 to 8.2 million in 1841 in spite of emigration. Some areas of the country, such as counties in Connacht, were more densely populated than others. ● As the population increased, people became poorer. The poorest were the labourers, cottiers and small farmers with fewer than 5 acres.
2 Subdivision of the land 2
Subdivision of the land
10
0 2 4 6 8
1800
1820 Year
1841
Rising population in Ireland before the famine
Most of the people depended on farming because the manufacturing industry was not developed like in Britain. As the population grew, fathers subdivided their land between their sons, and gave a dowry (marriage payment) to their daughters. Other farmers sublet their land as conacre to pay for labourers. ● As the farms got smaller, families became poorer.
3 Dependence on the potato
Poorer families depended on the potato to live. ● It was easy to grow and it was very nutritious. ● Small plots of land could grow enough potatoes to support a family.
For poorer families, their three meals a day consisted of potatoes only. By the 1840s, the potato was almost the only food for about one-third of the population.
Breakfast
Daily diet of the poorer classes in Ireland in 1840s – Adult males Dinner
2 kgs of potatoes and skimmed milk 188 Supper
2 kgs of potatoes and skimmed milk 2 kgs of potatoes and skimmed milk – none in a bad season