All records must be kept very accurately. 1. All artefacts, bones and plants are numbered and stored in separate bags.
2. All finds are catalogued (listed, recorded) in a site book or field computer.
3. Photographs and drawings record the site at each stage of the dig, as well as the objects found.
4. The finds are sorted, dated and investigated in a laboratory. ● Archaeologists examine any bones, skulls and teeth for age and for injuries. They also examine pollen to find out what plants were growing at different times.
● Archaeologists also have to date the objects (see below).
5. Finds are stored or put on display in museums (for example, The National Museum of Ireland, www.museum.ie/en-ie/home).
How do archaeologists test the evidence they find in excavations?
One of the most important tasks of archaeologists is to date the objects they find in excavations. This is done in a variety of ways.
1 Stratigraphy
The basic idea of stratigraphy is that the oldest layers and finds are at the bottom, and the latest/youngest are at the top.
YOUNGER
Each of the layers was laid down or deposited on top of the other. The underlying layer was deposited first and is therefore earlier/older than the layer above it.