THE DRIFT TO WAR 1 The Treaty of Versailles


After World War I, Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles with the victorious Allies, Britain, France and America. ● Germans resented (disliked) the terms of the Treaty, which were used to punish and to weaken the country.


According to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, ● Germany had to sign a ‘war guilt clause’ that it caused World War I.


North Schleswig given to Denmark


North Sea


Eupen and Malmedy given to Belgium


HOLLAND


Demilitarised zone


F R A N C E BELGIUM


Paris


To France (which had lost this land to Germany in 1871)


● Germany had to pay compensation (reparations) to the Allies.


● The German Army could not enter the Rhineland (demilitarised). ● Part of Germany was cut off from the main country by the Polish Corridor. ● The German armed forces were reduced. ● Germany was prevented from uniting with Austria.


2 Hitler’s aims in foreign policy


Hitler wanted to make Germany great again. ● He wanted to use his foreign policy (relations with other countries) to expand German power.


● But his aims in foreign policy were bound to disturb (upset) the peace of Europe.


The Nazi Party Programme (1920) said:


We demand the union of all Germans to form a Greater Germany (Grossdeutschland). We demand the abolition of the Treaty of Versailles.


We demand land for settling our surplus population (lebensraum) [in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union].


This would mean taking over Austria and parts of other countries where German-speaking people lived


This would upset the British and French


This would mean taking over all countries in Eastern Europe


3 Hitler’s actions – destroying the Treaty of Versailles Hitler set about destroying the Treaty of Versailles once he had achieved full power in Germany. ● He began rearmament, which broke the Treaty of Versailles, by building up the army, navy and air force (Luftwaffe).


299 Weimar Rhineland


ALSACE LORRAINE


Saar coalfields given to France for 15 years


Rich farmland given to Poland


C Z E C H O S L O V A K I A A U S T R I A


Germany forbidden to unite with Austria


Territory lost by Germany to other countries


Danzig – a free city run by the League of Nations


Baltic Sea PRUSSIA WEST PRUSSIA G E R M A N Y Berlin POSEN


Poland was given a ‘corridor’ to the Baltic Sea, cutting off East Prussia from Germany


P O L A N D SILESIA EAST MEMEL


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