In the 18th century, France was one of the most powerful countries in Europe. The French Revolution was a major event in European history that began in 1789 and ended a decade later with the rise of Napoleon.
What Were the Causes of the French Revolution?
1 8 The Estates-General
France’s absolute monarchy
2 The Enlightenment 7 France bankrupt 6
The impact of the American Revolution
5 Poor harvests 1 France’s absolute monarchy
France was ruled by King Louis XVI. He was an absolute monarch. This means he had complete control over the country. Louis also believed he had a ‘divine (God-given) right of kings’ and therefore the people had no control or say over his reign.
Louis ruled France from his palace at Versailles. He was married to Marie Antoinette, who was the Emperor of Austria’s sister (Austria was France’s traditional enemy). She was unpopular among the French people and was known as Madame Déficit – the lady who spends too much. As the French economy worsened, criticism of the royal
family’s spending and extravagant lifestyle increased.
What were the main causes of the
French Revolution? 4 High taxes 3
Social divisions in France
In history, causes explain why events happened.
List the causes of the French Revolution
Assess which cause was the most significant (important)
Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette Versailles c. 1722
See Chapter 10B of the Skills Book online or in your eBook for further questions.