The Irish-speaking areas in the west and south-west of Ireland were the worst hit by death and emigration. This contributed to the decline of the Irish language.
1851
Percentage of Irish speakers Londonderry
1961 Belfast Newry
The Irish language speakers largely confined to Gaeltacht areas in 1961
Londonderry Belfast Newry
The areas with the highest percentage of Irish speakers in 1851
Tralee Cork
Galway Limerick Wexford Waterford Tralee Cork
The areas with the largest population decline through death and emigration during the famine
The decline of the Irish language after the Great Famine: percentages of Irish speakers based on the census of 1851 and 1961
5 Politics
The British Government was blamed for the famine. Emigrants took their hatred of England with them to America. ● They later supported the Fenians, the Land League, Home Rule, the rebels in the 1916 Rising and the IRA when these groups opposed the British Government.
Assessing Your Learning
1. By how many million did the Irish population fall during the Great Famine? (i) 3 million (ii) 2 million (iii) 1 million
2. What caused the population to fall? 3. What classes of people were worst hit by the famine? 4. Why did the Irish population continue to fall after the Great Famine? 5. What is the Irish diaspora? 6. How was subdivision affected by the famine? 7. Why did the Irish language numbers decline? 8. How was politics affected by the famine?
198
Over 80% 50%–80% 25%–49% Under 25%
Dublin
Galway Limerick Wexford Waterford
Dublin
Identify two differences between the percentage of Irish speakers in 1851 and 1961.