12 ICT IN THE FUTURE
A Virtual worlds
Virtual worlds offer an alternative reality, distinct from everyday life. They began as text-based role-playing games, whose players were mainly those with lots of time and a vivid imagination. As computer graphics improved, they made it possible to create detailed visual representations of the virtual worlds in which the games or role-plays take place. A common figure in almost all of these is the avatar. This can be a human or fantasy figure and represents a player within the virtual world. Two visions exist for the future development of virtual worlds. In the first vision all the activities of the real world can be carried out. Such a world can act as a platform for the provision of training and education, and for the delivery of services and customer assistance. The second is more limited. It is simply somewhere individuals can have fun interacting with other players in a variety of role-play activities.
S. Green and T. Ashley, “Exploring the future of virtual worlds,” Journal of Computer Interaction, vol. 42, pp. 24–32, May 2008. B
Predictive knowledge management using data from mirror worlds page 429
Mirror worlds model the world around us, mirroring the geospatial reality that we experience in our everyday lives. They create an infrastructure which can capture, store, analyze and manage data which is spatially referenced to the Earth. Other data, such as the location of specific services or resources, can then be mapped onto these maps and images. An important role which has been proposed for mirror worlds is as a tool for managers to manage assets in the real world. It is clear that mirror worlds can play a key role in helping managers with contingency planning, so they can anticipate events, rather than reacting when they occur. However, it appears that the successful use of mirror worlds for contingency planning is very dependent on the quality of the data used. As Ding1
(2009) states, it
will be some time before it is possible to “look into a computer screen and see reality”. Relatively low-cost GPS and camera technology, such as that used for Google Streetview, show how it is possible to capture large quantities of high-quality visual data quickly.
W. Chen, “Predictive knowledge management using data from mirror worlds,” Future Design Technologies, vol. 14, pp. 429–450, Jan. 2010. C Exploring augmented reality
While mirror worlds make it possible for people to browse various types of information in a representation of the real world, augmented reality (AR) can bring that information to users in the real world. It does this by using a combination of GPS (Global Positioning Systems), and various hand-held or body-worn interfaces. Using GPS, relevant information can be found and displayed to the user. Existing mobile visual interfaces, such as touch phones, are already used to provide AR. By combining data from the built-in GPS and compass, they can map information onto images of a location, generated by the built-in camera. It is still too early to predict the full range of developments which AR is likely to generate.
B. A. Skelly, “Exploring augmented reality,” Journal of Mobile and Pervasive Computing, vol. 24, pp. 239–245, Jan. 2009. D
The growth of lifelogging
Lifelogging is the term used to describe the process where information on the location and status of people and objects is captured, stored and distributed automatically. By making information available in this way, it is possible for individuals to update others on their current status, to share news of unusual events with them and to preserve memories for themselves. The drop in the cost of storage, processing and network connectivity, and the availability of ubiquitous computing devices such as touch phones, with the capacity to gather and store this information, has made lifelogging possible for a wide range of individuals. The type of information gathered can range from text notes, to streamed video footage from a mobile camera.
M. Richards, “The growth of lifelogging,” International Journal of Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 32, pp. 349–387, Mar. 2010.
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