1 WHAT IS ICT?


1


administration e.g., Internet,


databases, WP, DTP, e-mail, intranet


advertising staff records company docs communication


2 first bug 1945 finance


e.g., specialized software, computerized banking


managing payments recording money in/out analyzing data


ICT in business


research and development operations e.g., CAD, simulators


producing new designs testing prototypes


e.g., CAM stock contro1


control of production environment


definition: flaw in program


3


serious, e.g., Ariane rocket Therac-25


causes


mistakes in source code or design


COMPUTER BUGS


security probs viruses minimal diff. parts of


program interacting in unpredictable way


4 program


freezes/OS crashes


Internet – how it began


1957 – Sputnik 1, US/Soviet Space Race begins Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) set up by US Gov.


1969 – ARPANET = small network of computers for use during nuclear attack


1972 – US scientists and academics using ARPANET 1973 –ARPANET used internationally


early 80s – Internet – worldwide network of computers for military use + academic/scientific research


1986 – general public begin using Internet early 90s – Tim Berners-Lee invents HTML (diplays text+ images) + HTTP (information transfer)


2009 – over 1·7bn users (approx 25% world’s pop. ) 5


CMC (computer-mediated communication) Electronic mail (e-mail)


messages sent/received in digital form via intranet


internal limited access


docs, photos, video • can send 1 message


to many people


• messages cheap to send • can attach files, e.g.,


• fast


Advantages of e-mail • easy


external Internet open


worldwide access Disadvantages


• sometimes e-mails get lost


• set-up costs high (computer, etc.)


• information overload • spam/junk mail • viruses


11 effects


Info systems life cycle Waterfall model


(Winston Royce 1970)


1 – requirements specification (systems analyst)


2 – systems + software design (software designer/architect)


3 – development + unit testing (programmers)


4 – integration + systems testing


5 – installation, operation and maintenance


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