5 THE HISTORY OF ICT
5.3 Extending skills
note-taking symbols • stress within words • lecture language
A Look at the student notes on the right. They are from the lecture in Lesson 5.2.
1 What do the symbols and abbreviations mean?
2 The notes contain some mistakes. Find and correct them.
3 Make the corrected notes into a spidergram.
B ≤Listen to the final part of the lecture. 1 Complete your notes.
2 Why does the lecture have to stop? 3 What is the research task?
C ≤Listen to some stressed syllables. Identify the word below in each case. Number each word.
Example: You hear: 1 crypt /kript/ You write: arithmetic addition
chip calculation
computation cryptography
1
D Study the extract from the lecture on the right. 1 Think of one word for each space.
2 ≤Listen and check your ideas.
3 Match words or phrases from the blue box below with each word or phrase from the lecture.
4 Think of other words or phrases with similar meanings.
basically by that I mean for example for instance in fact possibly probably some people say that is to say to put it another way we can see that we won’t spend too much time on this
E Discuss the research task set by the lecturer. 1 What kind of information should you find?
2 What do you already know? 3 Where can you find more information?
digital magnetic mechanical The computer is
Mechanical computing (i) Hollerith – late C19th, tabulating machines using gears & paper tape. Used US Census 1880 and time by 7 yrs. Company became IBM.
(ii) 1932 – Bush (MIT) – Differential Analyzer comm. use = elec. motors & gears, binary
WW2 (iii) WW2 – UK, Turing broke German code using Colossus = 1st electronic computer, analogue, used valves & relays. Innovative, e.g., punched card input, enormous impact on war.
programmability subtraction transistor
the most important
piece of technology in modern society, but it has a very long history, in fact going
back almost 5,000 years. It starts with the early Babylonians, who used simple arithmetic to count and keep a record of their goods.
As their wealth grew and they had more and more goods to record, it
try to develop tools to make this work easier. A good
that they would of one of these tools is the
abacus, used as a basic calculator – in words, a computer. What I is that, as in a computer, data is
input by moving the beads. It is stored by the position of the beads and the output or answers can then be read off. Five beads per line are often used, just as there are five fingers on a hand. moving
, to the early 17th century, we find a different type of computer. 41
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