Unit 11, Lesson 2, Exercise F≤2.15


However, some people say that when these treaties have been passed into law by governments, they have ended up protecting only the rights of the copyright holders and ignoring the rights of those who purchase copyrighted material. Of course, copyright holders must be protected, but their rights need to be balanced against the rights of others. The evidence shows that this is especially true with respect to the US. In my view, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, or DMCA, which was passed in the US in 1998, is a case in point. By making it a criminal offence to produce or disseminate technology to help users avoid digital rights management protection, it has damaged innovation. It has also acted as a direct challenge to those who believe that there should be no restrictions on the copying of content, as a matter of principle. A very interesting article by Steven Furnell and others, called “Dissecting the ‘Hacker Manifesto’,” gives an extremely good insight into what actually motivates these individuals.


Unit 11, Lesson 2, Exercise G≤2.16


Extract 1 Don’t misunderstand me, I don’t want you to assume that ethics are relevant only when making decisions in the workplace.


Extract 2


As we all know, to some degree, ethical considerations will form a part of every decision you make in your life.


Extract 3


However, it is fair to say that, in the workplace, computer professionals have to be careful that they can’t be accused of negligence when designing or operating systems which have an effect on human life or property.


Extract 4


So in an attempt to keep the discussion on professional responsibility reasonably simple, I’m going to …


Extract 5


The greatest fear initially was of a ‘Big Brother’ society, that is to say a society in which the government would know everything about its citizens and could exercise total control over them.


134


Extract 6


Public concern regarding government use of information from citizens grew to the extent that the Privacy Act was passed in 1974.


Extract 7


The Act was criticized, however, because it was difficult to enforce and, not only that, but because it excluded the collection of data by companies and organizations other than government.


Extract 8


Daniel Solove gives a good description of the issues around this in his 2004 book on technology and privacy in the information age.


Extract 9


Briefly, in his chapter on information privacy law, he explains how the many exemptions and loopholes in the Act meant that it did not fully address the concerns which had led to it being passed.


Extract 10


The EFF spokesperson went on to say, in an article on a news website called ZDNet news, that he has no doubt that a country which signs up to the treaty is being asked, and I quote, “to spy on its citizens”.


Extract 11


The evidence shows that this is especially true with respect to the US.


Extract 12 In my view, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, or DMCA, which was passed in the US in 1998, is a case in point.


Unit 11, Lesson 3, Exercise A≤2.17


'disciplinary 'action 'black 'hat i'dentity 'theft de'nial of 'service 'software ex'ploit


'social engi'neering i'llegal ac'tivities 'bulletin 'board


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