Vachard et al.—Eifelian–Givetian foraminifers of the Carnic Alps (Austria) Occurrence.—Ordovician–Cretaceous; cosmopolitan.
Remarks.—Earlandinitida Reitlinger and Sabirov in Vdovenko et al., 1993 is a junior synonym. Earlandiida is subdivided into three suborders: Earlandiina Vachard, 2016a; Caligellina Vachard, 2016a; and Eonodosariina Vachard, 2016a.
Suborder Earlandiina Vachard, 2016a
Superfamily Earlandioidea Loeblich and Tappan, 1982 Family Earlandiidae Cummings, 1955 emend. Vachard, 1994
Diagnosis.—Test free, bilocular, elongate, undivided or with pseudosepta, or very rarely true septa (Tikhinella). Wall calcareous, secreted, dark-microgranular. Aperture terminal, round, simple, at the extremity of the tubular chamber.
Occurrence.—Ordovician–Cretaceous; cosmopolitan.
Remarks.—Junior synonyms are Earlandinitidae Loeblich and Tappan, 1984, and Paratikhinellidae Loeblich and Tappan, 1984.
Genus Earlandia Plummer, 1930. Type species.—Earlandia perparva Plummer, 1930.
Diagnosis.—Earlandiidae undivided, rectilinear, cylindrical to tapering with more or less prominent proloculus.
Occurrence.—Silurian (upper Ludlovian; Pronina, 1968; Pet- rova and Pronina, 1980; Sabirov, 1987a)–Cretaceous (e.g., Arnaud-Vanneau, 1980; Altıner, 1991), cosmopolitan (Gaillot and Vachard, 2007).
Remarks.—Junior synonyms of Earlandia are Quasiearlandia Brazhnikova in Brazhnikova and Vdovenko, 1973; Biorbis Strank, 1983; Gigasbia Strank, 1983; Aeolisaccus Elliott, 1958 (partim); Hyperammina Brady, 1878 (partim); and Dec- astronema Golubic, Radoicic, and Lee, 2006 (partim). The genus Hyperammina sensu lato is a homeomorph among the Astrorhizata.
Earlandia sp.1 Figure 9.2
Description.—A small curved longitudinal section of this genus.
Occurrence.—Givetian of Mount Polinik (Carnic Alps, Austria).
Description.—Length=0.13mm; outer diameter=0.03mm; wall thickness=0.01mm.
Materials.—One specimen (sample POL11a-3).
Earlandia sp. 2 Figure 9.5
Diagnosis.—Broader, rectilinear, slightly tapering test.
363
Occurrence.—Givetian of Mount Polinik (Carnic Alps, Austria).
Description.—Length=0.26mm; outer diameter=0.07mm; wall thickness=0.007mm.
Materials.—One specimen (sample POL11a-31). Suborder Caligellina Vachard, 2016b
Superfamily Caligelloidea Gaillot and Vachard, 2007 emend. Özkan and Vachard, 2015
Family Caligellidae Reitlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova and Fursenko, 1959
Genus Paracaligella Lipina, 1955 Type species.—Paracaligella antropovi Lipina, 1955.
Diagnosis.—Test elongate with irregularly curved growth, probably endofaunal, irregularly pseudoseptated. Wall dark- microgranular. Aperture probably terminal simple.
Occurrence.—Late Silurian–late Serpukhovian of the Paleo- tethys; rare in Siberia, Japan, and North America (see Vachard, 1994).
Remarks.—As illustrated by Vachard and Cózar (2004), Cali- gella has a more granular wall and a more irregular shape (therefore, it can partially correspond to Irrregularina Vissar- ionova, 1950; especially, Irregularina paradoxica Lin, Li, and Sun, 1990). Eocaligella Pronina in Petrova and Pronina, 1980 is similar in shape to Paracaligella with a wall microstructure more similar to Caligella. Eotikhinella has diaphragms in the tubular chamber. Areniconulus and Serpenulina theoretically have an agglutinated wall. Glubkoevella Pronina, 1970, which apparently has a proloculus, may constitute the transition between Earlandia and Caligella. This taxon was initially described as a subgenus of Paracaligella by Pronina (1970). The family Caligellidae encompasses the following genera: Caligella Antropov, 1950 (partim); Eotikhinella Pronina in Petrova and Pronina, 1980 (partim); Eocaligella Pronina in Petrova and Pronina, 1980 (partim); ?Areniconulus Eisenack, 1969; and ?Serpenulina Chernyk, 1967.
Paracaligella ex gr. antropovi Lipina, 1955 Figures 8.26, 9.1, 9.8
1955 ?1960
1962 1964 1964 1965
Paracaligella antropovi; Lipina, p. 19, text-figs. 2, 4, 5, 7, 9 (most probably, due to the stratigraphical distribution, this is a Paracaligelloides).
Paracaligella antropovi Lipina, p. 26, pl. 2, figs. 15–17, 20.
Paracaligella antropovi; Bogush and Yuferev, p. 97, pl. 1, fig. 35.
Paracaligella antropovi; Aizenverg and Brazhnikova, pl. 1, fig. 13a, b.
Caligella antropovi; Loeblich and Tappan, text- fig. 229:5.
Paracaligella antropovi; Chuvashov, p. 38, pl. 5, fig. 13.
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