352


Journal of Paleontology 92(3):336–372


non 1987 Parathurammina aperturata; Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 207, fig 17.


1988 1990


1991 1994 1994


2002 2008 2009


2011 2013


2013 Bykovaella aperturata; Bogush et al., p. 5. Bykovaella aperturata; Bogush and Yuferev, p. 20.


Parathurammina crassitheca Antropov; Vachard, p. 261, pl. 1, fig. 25.


Parathurammina aperturata; Vachard, p. 20, text- fig. 12.6.


Parathurammina crassitheca; Vachard, p. 20, text- fig. 12.5 only (non pl. 1, figs. 2, 12–23, nec pl. 2, figs. 1, 7) (with 40 references in synonymy). Bykovaella aperturata; Kalvoda, p. 26, text-fig. 11. Bykovaella aperturata; Tsyganko, p. 70, text-fig. 3. Parathurammina du groupe P. dagmarae Suleima-


nov; Mamet and Préat, pl. 1, figs. 12, 15, 17 (non figs. 11, 14, 16=other species of Bykovaella, nec fig. 13=Kolongella).


Parathurammina aperturata;Anfimov, p. 16.


Parathurammina aperturata; Sabirov, p. 115, text- fig. 1.


Parathurammina aperturata; Makarenko and Savina, p. 128.


Holotype.—Axial section (No. 476/6 Museumof the Geological Direction of the Urals) from the early Givetian of the central Urals, Russia (Pronina, 1960, pl. 1, fig. 3).


Diagnosis.—Relatively large species characterized by numer- ous necks, regularly, radially arranged. Necks long with a narrow central channel, entirely cylindrical (i.e., without either proximal or distal enlargement).Wall thin.


Occurrence.—Eifelian–early Givetian of the central and southern Urals (Pronina, 1960); Eifelian of the Tomsk area (SW Siberia; Makarenko and Savina, 2013). Givetian of western France (Milon, 1928, re-interpreted here; Dubreuil and Vachard, 1979), Zeravshano-Gissar (Lavrusevich et al., 1979), southern Fergana (Tian Shan; Poyarkov, 1969; Saltovskaya, 1981), Siberia (Menner and Reitlinger, 1971; Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984; Zadorozhnyi, 1985, 1987; Bogush and Yuferev, 1990), Germany (Flügel and Hötzl, 1971), South China (Lin and Hao, 1982), and Belgium (Mamet and Préat, 2009). Givetian of Mount Polinik (Carnic Alps, Austria).


Description.—Outer diameter=0.30–0.35mm (type material: 0.18–0.34mm); inner diameter=0.22–0.25mm; number of necks: 15–16; length of necks=0.01–0.07mm (with a wall of 0.007–0.015mm); test wall thickness=0.005mm (type mate- rial: 0.005–0.01 mm).


Materials.—Twelve specimens (samples POL11-3, POL11-6, POL11a-6a, POL11a-12).


Remarks.—Bykovaella crassitheca (Antropov, 1950) differs only by a thicker wall (0.02–0.025mm) and a Frasnian age.


Bykovaella breviradiosa (Reitlinger, 1962) Figures 9.7, 10.3


1962 Parathurammina breviradiosa Reitlinger, p. 52, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.


1965 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Chuvashov, p. 19, pl. 1, figs. 4–6.


1969 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Poyarkov, table 12.


1969 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Malakhova, pl. 51, fig. 356.


1981 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Petrova, pl. 8, fig. 19. 1981 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Zadorozhnyi, p. 111 (no. 3 of the table).


1979 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Poyarkov, pl. 3, fig. 4. 1979 Parathurammina (Parathurammina) Poyarkov, text-fig. 13.


?1981 Parathurammina magna Antropov; Zukalova, pl. 1, fig. 2.


1984 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, p. 77, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.


1987 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Zadorozhnyi, p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 1–3.


1988 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Bogush et al., p. 22. 1989 Parathurammina dagmarae Suleimanov; Préat and Mamet, pl. 6, fig. 5 only (non figs. 4, 6= Parathuramminites).


1990 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Lin et al., p. 124, pl. 3, figs. 1–4.


1990 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Bogush and Yuferev, p. 20.


1994 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Vachard, text-fig. 12.1. ?1999 Parathurammina du groupe P. dagmarae Suleimanov (= Salpingothurammina breviradiosa [Reitlinger]) (sic); Mamet et al., pl. 5, figs. 13, 14.


2005 Late Devonian calcisphere; Kaźmierczak and Kremer, fig. 6F.


2014 Parathuramminide; Mörtl, text-fig. 33b.


2008 Parathurammina breviradiosa;Anfimov, p. 80. 2013 Parathurammina breviradiosa; Makarenko and Savina, p. 128.


Holotype.—Axial section (No. 3456/2 Geological Institute Nauk, Akademiya Nauk SSSR) from the Frasnian of the central Urals, Shezhym oblast, Russia (Reitlinger, 1962, pl. 1, fig. 1).


Diagnosis.—Relatively moderate species, characterized by a few necks, irregularly arranged, short to medium-sized, with a narrow central channel, and with a distal enlargement. Wall thin.


Occurrence.—Eifelian of the Tomsk area (SW Siberia). Give- tian of the northern Urals (Petrova, 1981), and perhaps Moravia (Zukalova, 1981) and Morocco (Mamet et al., 1999). Late Devonian of Siberia (Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984; Bogush and Yuferev, 1990), Frasnian of the northern Urals, early Famennian of the central Urals (Chuvashov, 1965). Late Famennian of SW Siberia (Bogush and Yuferev, 1990). Dis- covered in the Givetian of Mount Polinik (Carnic Alps, Austria).


Description.—Outer diameter=0.20–0.40mm (type material: 0.20–0.48 mm); inner diameter=0.13–0.41mm; number of


breviradiosa;


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