464
Journal of Paleontology 92(3):459–465
Etymology.—This new species is named in honor of the great carcinologist and friend, Marcos Tavares, in recognition of his work and efforts to develop Brazilian carcinology.
Remarks.—The family Luciferidae shows a reduction or loss of several morphological characters. Although the fossil presented here is very well preserved and is easily recognizable as a member of this family (see remarks section of the genus), characters that differentiate Sume marcosi n. gen. n. sp. from its congeners are not so readily recognizable. This is mostly due to the sparse preservation of appendages essential for identification (e.g., maxillipeds, antenna, and antennule) and the sexual dimorphism characteristic of the group, where males present several characteristics with taxonomic importance (e.g., petasma and ventral processes in the sixth pleonal somite). The petasma of the Luciferidae is one of the few well-sclerotized body parts, which suggests the holotype is probably a female, specifically due to the lack of petasma in the specimen studied here. Sume marcosi n. gen. n. sp. is the first fossil Luciferidae
known and one of the very few other Cretaceous Sergestoidea (e.g., Paleomatea deliciosa Maisey and Carvallho, 1995; Cretasergestes sahelalmaensis Garassino and Schweigert, 2006; and Mokaya changoensis Garassino et al., 2013). According to Vereshchaka et al. (2016), the extant species of Lucifer are more oceanic, and Belzebub species are found mostly in the neritic zone. In this ecological context, it is surprising that a typically planktonic group could be so well fossilized. The resemblance between Sume n. gen. and Belzebub could be not only morphological but also ecological. The Romualdo Formation has lagoonal/coastal characteristics with repeated events of marine incursions (Saraiva et al., 2007). The Araripe sedimentary basin is one of the world’s most
famous Cretaceous deposits with some of its strata (Santana Group) considered to be a fossil Lagerstätte (Nudds and Selden, 2008) due to the remarkable preservation of its fossils. The
region, as pointed out by Martill (1989, p. 205), is “possibly the finest fossil locality in the world.” This unique confluence of soft-tissue preservation of small, delicate planktonic organisms allows researchers the unique opportunity to study the palaeoplanktonic Cretaceous fauna, as well as some key fossil species from groups not known until now.
Acknowledgments
We thank FUNCAP (Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desen- volvimento Científico e tecnológico), CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) and FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation), grant number 2013/01201-0, for financial support. We also thank R.C. da Costa (São Paulo State University, UNESP) for his help during specimen comparisons, and C. Schweitzer and R. Feldmann (Kent State University) for the help during figure preparations, discussions, and critical reading of the manuscript. Thanks to G. Oliveria (Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco) for the help dur- ing the field work and to D. Ribeiro (URCA) for the specimens preparation. This manuscript greatly benefitted from comments of the reviewer J. Luque (University of Alberta) and the Associate Editor T. Hegna (Western Illinois University).
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