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Journal of Paleontology 92(3):336–372
Shandinsky horizon of Salair (SW Siberia). Givetian of Belgium (Mamet and Préat, 2009), western France (Milon, 1928; Vachard, 1994), Germany (Flügel and Hötzl, 1971; May, 1992; Kröck, 2016), Poland (Racki and Soboń-Podgórska, 1993), and Morocco (Mamet et al., 1999). Discovered in the Givetian of the Carnic Alps (Austria). Middle–Late Devonian of West Canada (Toomey et al., 1970). Late Devonian of the Urals, eastern part of Russian Platform, Kazakhstan (Kara Tau), Kok-Shaal, southern Fergana, Norilsk area, southwestern Siberia, former “central Asia” (Turkmenistan), England, ?Italy, South China and Australia (Wray, 1967). The specimen from the late Famennian of Omolon (NE Siberia), illustrated by Conil in Shilo et al. (1984, pl. 16, fig. 1), is most probably an Irregu- larina or a deformed Bisphaera, as well as the Uslonia sp. of Brunner (1975, p. 23, pl. 2, fig. 7), as well as that of Mamet (1976, pl. 57, figs. 3, 4). Unlike Loeblich and Tappan (1987), the earliest Serpukhovian genus Pachythurammina Vachard, 1977, totally differs by its spherical morphology, much smaller size, and calcisphaerid wall.
Remarks.—Uslonia may be synonymized with “Calcisphères” sensu Milon, 1928 (partim); Vermiporella auctorum (partim); Kalijanella Petrova, 1981; Cribrosphaeroides sensu Chuva- shov, 1965 (partim), Flügel and Hötzl, 1971 (partim), Mamet et al., 1999, Timokhina and Klets (2002), and Anfimov, 2008 (partim); Kaljanella (sic) sensu Anfimov, 2008 and 2011; and Cribrosphaeroides? sensu Mamet and Préat, 2013. Uslonia is clearly a junior synonym of Kalijanella due to its Givetian age, elongate and irregular shape, and coarse perforated dark- microgranular wall. Recently, Kalijanella was generally used (e.g., Vachard, 1994; Anfimov, 2008, 2011), but Uslonia was re-introduced, with good reason, by Mamet and Préat (2009, pl. 5, fig. 5). Misinterpretions about Uslonia probably resulted in the fact that this genus was indicated with “no aperture observed” by Loeblich and Tappan (1987), while this genus was synonymized with Cribrosphaeroides sensu Chuvashov (1965) by Zadorozhnyi (1987). Uslonia, Corbiella Antropov, 1950, and Parastegnammina Poyarkov, 1969 were erroneously inter- preted as cortoid grains by Vachard (1994). If Para- stegnammina really is a cortoid, Uslonia and Corbiella are two skeletons and probably synonyms of Kalijanella and Irregu- larina Vissarionova, 1950, respectively. Uslonia sensu Brunner (1975, pl. 2, fig. 7) also differs from true Uslonia and are probably synonymous of Irregularina cf. I. karlensis illustrated on the same plate (Brunner, 1975, pl. 2, fig. 2). The recon- struction in 3D of Racki and Soboń-Podgórska (1993, text fig. 1) was puzzling and surrealistic. As indicated by Mamet and Préat (2009), the Devonian Vermiporella, especially, V. myna Wray, 1967, in reality belongs to Uslonia, a genus that, in our opinion, has nothing in common with Vermiporella.
Uslonia cf. U. incomposita (Petrova, 1981) Figure 8.34
?1971 Cribrosphaeroides simplex (Reitlinger); Flügel and Hötzl, pl. 1, fig. 7 (only).
1981 Kalijanella incomposita Petrova, p. 90, pl. 11, figs. 1–5.
1987 Kalijanella incomposita; Zadorozhnyi, p. 40, pl. 3, fig. 9.
1987 Pachythurammina incomposita; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 192, pl. 209, figs. 5, 6.
2011 Kaljanella (sic) incomposita;Anfimov, p. 78. 2016a Uslonia sp.; Vachard, fig. 3.34.
1993 Kalijanella incomposita; Sabirov in Vdovenko et al., p. 35, pl. 7, fig. 3.
Holotype.—Axial section (No. 77/1868; UTGU Museum) from
the Middle Devonian of the central Urals (Petrova, 1981, pl. 1, fig. 1).
Diagnosis.—Our specimen is similar to that illustrated by Zadorozhnyi (1987, pl. 3, fig. 9), by its measurements, more than to the type material of Petrova (1981).
Occurrence.—Eifelian–Givetian of the northern and central Urals. Shandinsky horizon of Salair (SW Siberia). Givetian of Germany. Discovered in the Givetian of Mount Polinik (Carnic Alps, Austria).
Description.—Test length=0.70mm (type material: 0.38– 1.20mm); outer diameter=0.45mm; test wall thickness=0.04 mm (type material: 0.012–0.045mm).
Materials.—One specimen (sample POL13b-12).
Family Cribrosphaeroididae Sabirov in Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984 nom. correct. Sabirov, 1987b
Diagnosis.—Test relatively large, globular with more or less coarsely perforated, dark-microgranular wall.
Occurrence.—Silurian–Tournaisian and Uralian–Tethyan.
Remarks.—The following taxa are synonyms of the family Cribrosphaeroidae: Stegnammininae Moreman, 1930 (partim); Bisphaeridae Sabirov, 1987b (partim); Cribrosphaeridae Sabirov in Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984; and Cribro- sphaerinae Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984.
Genus Cribrosphaeroides Reitlinger in Rauzer-Chernousova and Fursenko, 1959
Type species.—Cribrosphaera simplex Reitlinger, 1954.
Other species.—Cribrophaeroides simplex donica Brazhnikova and Rostovceva, 1966; Cribrosphaera crassa Pronina, 1960; C. ovalis Poyarkov in Purkin et al., 1961; Cribrosphaeroides enormis Pronina, 1963; C. incomptus Chuvashov, 1965; C. turcmenica Miklukho-Maklay, 1965; C.(Cribro- sphaeroides?) rariporus Poyarkov, 1969; C. semicircularis Pronina in Petrova and Pronina, 1980; C. irregularis irregularis Pronina in Petrova and Pronina, 1980; C. irregularis serotinus Petrova, 1981; C.(Cribrohemisphaeroides) apertus Pronina in Petrova and Pronina, 1980; C. multiformis Saltovskaya, 1981; C. instabilis Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev in Dubatolov, 1981; C. parasimplex Lin and Hao, 1982; C. urmitanica Sabirov in Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984; C. beatus Sabirov, 1984; C. tschukalikensis Sabirov, 1984; and ?C.(Cribrosphaeroides) grandiporus Poyarkov, 1969 (type of Cribrauroria Vachard, 1994).
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