Vachard et al.—Eifelian–Givetian foraminifers of the Carnic Alps (Austria)


?T. papillata Moreman, 1930; ?T. papillata var. monticulifera Ireland, 1939; ?T. parvituba Dunn, 1942 (= Amphitremoidea according to Nestell and Tolmacheva, 2004); ?T. phasela Moreman, 1930; ?T. polygona Ireland, 1939; ?T. pustulosa Gutschick, Weiner, and Young, 1961; ?T. quadrata Dunn, 1942; ?T. sphaerica Ireland, 1939; ?T. subpapillata Ireland, 1939; ?T. tubulata Moreman, 1930; and ?T. micropapillata Blumenstengel, 1961, perhaps belong to Parathurammina, even if the microstructure of their wall remains unknown.


Diagnosis.—Test free, moderate to large in size, globular with many papilliform projections; thin wall dark-microgranular with an inner pseudofibrous layer. One distal, areal aperture at the end of each projection.


Occurrence.—Ordovician–Mississippian; cosmopolitan.


Remarks.—Parathurammina s.s. is partially synonymous with Thurammina (partim), ?Cordatella (partim), ?Marginara (par- tim), and ?Guangxithurammina Lin et al., 1990. The genus Chrysothurammina Neumann, Pozaryska, and Vachard, 1975 differs from Parathurammina because the pseudofibrous layer of the wall that surrounds the inner chamber also penetrates the necks.


Parathurammina graciosa Pronina, 1960


Figures 9.4, 9.6, 9.7, 9.15, 9.19–9.23, 9.27, 9.28?, 10.2 1960 Parathurammina graciosa Pronina, p. 47, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.


1969 Parathurammina graciosa; Malakhova, pl. 51, figs. 350, 351, 355.


1969 Parathurammina cf. graciosa; Malakhova, pl. 48, fig. 329, pl. 51, fig. 361.


1969 Parathurammina (Salpingothurammina) graciosa; Poyarkov, table 19.


1971 Parathurammina graciosa; Menner and Reitlinger, p. 29, pl. 8, fig. 5.


1979 Parathurammina graciosa; Lavrusevich et al., p. 322. 1979 Parathurammina (Salpingothurammina) graciosa; Poyarkov, text-fig. 14.


1981 Parathurammina graciosa; Petrova, pl. 8, figs. 4, 5, 8. 1985 Parathurammina graciosa; Zadorozhnyi, p. 126, 131?, pl. 17, fig. 1, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2.


1990 Parathurammina graciosa; Bogush and Yuferev, p. 20. 2008 Parathurammina graciosa;Anfimov, p. 78. 2011 Parathurammina graciosa;Anfimov, p. 16. 2014 Parathuramminide; Mörtl, text-fig. 33b.


Holotype.—Axial section (No. 476/3 Museumof the Geological Direction of the Urals) from the early Givetian of the central Urals, Russia (Pronina, 1960, pl. 1, fig. 1).


Diagnosis.—Relatively large species characterized by a large central chamber, and numerous necks, asymmetrically arranged. Necks short, with a narrow central channel, entirely cylindrical (i.e., with neither proximal nor distal enlargement). Wall thin, bilayered, dark-microgranular, and hyaline-microgranular.


Occurrence.—Middle Eifelian–early Givetian of eastern slope of the central Urals. Givetian of northern and southwestern


349


Siberia and Zeravshano-Gissar (Tajikistan). Frasnian of SW Siberia (Bogush et al., 1975). Discovered in the Givetian of Mount Polinik (Carnic Alps, Austria).


Description.—Test outer diameter=0.15–0.31mm (type material: 0.09–0.27mm); central chamber diameter=0.12– 0.20mm; number of necks: 11–13; length of necks=0.004– 0.13mm (for a wall thickness of 0.008 to 0.01 mm); test wall thickness=0.003–0.007mm (type material: 0.004–0.007mm).


Materials.—32 specimens (samples POL3-1a, POL11-1, POL11-2, POL11-7, POL11-9, POL11a-4, POL11a-10, POL11a-14, POL11a-21, POL11a-24, ?POL11a-39).


Parathurammina cf. P. uralica Petrova, 1981 Figures 9.13, 9.14, 9.18, 10.1, 10.10


1981 Parathurammina uralica Petrova, p. 86, pl. 6, figs. 3, 5, 6.


1990 Bykovaella uralica; Bogush and Yuferev, p. 21. ?2009 Parathurammina crassitheca Antropov; Mamet and Préat, fig. 1.19 only (non fig. 1.18=Kolongella). 2011 Parathurammina uralica;Anfimov, p. 16.


Holotype.—Axial section (No. 3/1868; Geological Museum of the Urals UTGU) from the Eifelian of the northern Urals, Russia (Petrova, 1981, pl. 6, fig. 3).


Diagnosis.—Relatively large species characterized by numer- ous necks, asymmetrically arranged. Necks short, with a narrow central channel, entirely cylindrical (i.e., without proximal or distal enlargement). Wall thin, bilayered, dark-microgranular, and hyaline-microgranular.


Occurrence.—Eifelian of the northern and central Urals. Doubtful in the late Eifelian of Belgium. Givetian of SW Siberia. Givetian of Mount Polinik (Carnic Alps, Austria).


Description.—Outer diameter=0.17–0.40mm (type material: 0.13–0.24 mm); inner diameter=0.14–0.30mm; length of necks=0.03–0.04mm (for a wall of 0.01–0.02mm); test wall thickness=0.015–0.04mm (type material: 0.015–0.03mm).


Materials.—12 specimens (samples POL3-1, POL3-2, POL11, POL11b-12a, POL13a-2b).


Remarks.—This species might be a homeomorph of Bykovaella irregulariformis (Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984) and/or B. oblisa (Petrova, 1981), but it has a bilayered wall and con- sequently belongs to Parathurammina. In this genus, P. uralica is the most similar species compared to our taxon.


Parathurammina arguta Pronina, 1960 Figures 9.26, 10.7 (partim), 10.9, 10.10


1960 Parathurammina arguta Pronina, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 5. 1969 Parathurammina arguta; Poyarkov, table 12. 1979 Parathurammina arguta; Lavrusevich et al., p. 323. 1979 Parathurammina (Parathurammina) arguta; Poyarkov, text-fig. 13.


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