Vachard et al.—Eifelian–Givetian foraminifers of the Carnic Alps (Austria)
Diagnosis.—Test globular, with numerous papilliform pro- tuberances at surface. Trilayered wall with a diaphanothecal (?) median layer. Apertures at the end of the protuberances.
Occurrence.—Givetian–Famennian of the former SSSR.
Remarks.—Only two genera are included in this family: Mar- ginara Petrova in Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984, and Cor- datella Petrova in Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984.
Genus Marginara Petrova in Zarodzhonyi and Yuferev, 1984 Type species.—Parathurammina tamarae Petrova, 1981.
Diagnosis.—Parathuramminid-like tests with three layers in the wall. Occurrence.—Givetian of the former SSSR.
Remarks.—The initial name Marginarae Petrova in Zar- odzhonyi and Yuferev, 1984, which is a Latin plural, was emended according to the International Commission on Zoolo- gical Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999, article 11), which asks for singular names, into Marginara by Loeblich and Tappan (1986, 1987). The original microstructure is discussed, in relation to specimens recrystallized to apatite-quartz (Chuvashov et al., 2012) in the late Eifelian–Givetian of the central Urals.
Marginara? sp. Figure 10.33
Diagnosis.—Large species (the maximal diameter of M. tamarae is 0.60mm; Zadorozhnyi, 1987).
Occurrence.—Givetian of Mount Polinik (Carnic Alps, Austria).
Description.—Outer diameter=0.70mm; inner diameter= 0.60mm; number of necks: 13; test wall thickness=0.05mm.A spherical inclusion/chamber measures 0.25mm in diameter.
Materials.—Two specimens (sample POL14-24). Superfamily Irregularinoidea Gaillot and Vachard, 2007
Diagnosis.—Globular to elongate and lobate tests medium- to large-sized for parathuramminids. Wall dark-microgranular, very rarely bilayered with an inner hyaline-microgranular layer (latest Famennian–Tournaisian Bisphaeridae; see for example Herbig and Mamet, 2006, pl. 3, fig. 6). More complex wall microstructures (Auroriidae) are not well understood. Very fine to coarse, numerous apertures through the wall (Uslonia; Cribrosphaeroides), or a supposed terminal aperture (Apertauroria).
Occurrence.—Llandoverian of central and northern Urals–early Tournaisian; genera either cosmopolitan or restricted to the Tethys and Ural oceans. As mentioned above, we reject the
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assignment of the middle Permian Bisphaera? improvisa to the irregularinoids.
Remarks.—The superfamily is composed of five families: Irre- gularinidae Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984; Usloniidae Conil and Longerstaey in Conil et al., 1980; Cribrosphaeroididae Sabirov in Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984 nom. correct. Sabirov, 1987b; Auroriidae Loeblich and Tappan, 1986; and Bisphaeridae Sabirov, 1987b. The irregularinoid genus Bisphaera Birina, 1948 was recently synonymized with the algal or cyanobacterial genus Thaumatoporella Pia (Schla- gintweit et al., 2013), as well as the radiolarian Trochodiscus Haeckel (Afanavieva and Amon, 2011). The discussions about this genus and the irregularinoids in general are therefore very difficult. Middle Permian Bisphaera? improvisa Nestell and Nestell, 2006, as indicated by these authors, is questionable; in our opinion, it corresponds more to the “Algen Sporen” or cortoid grains described by Flügel (2004). Similarly, some Parastegnammina or Corbiella are other cortoid grains (see Vachard, 1994), whereas some “Irregularina” sensu Schla- gintweit et al., 2013 correspond more to fenestrae and other microcavities.
Family Usloniidae Conil and Longerstaey in Conil et al., 1980 Subfamily Usloniinae Miklukho-Maklay, 1963
Diagnosis.—Test relatively large, elongate, irregular, some- times ramified, with more or less coarsely perforated, dark- microgranular wall.
Occurrence.—Early Devonian–Frasnian (first, Uralian–Teth- yan; then, cosmopolitan during the Frasnian).
Remarks.—Synonyms of Usloniinae are: Groupe 4 sensu Vachard, 1976; Cribrosphaerinae Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984 (partim); Irregularininae Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984 (partim, and nomen correctum herein for Irregularinae); Irre- gularinidae Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984 sensu Vachard, 1991 and 1994 (partim); and Kalijanellinae Zadorozhnyi and Yuferev, 1984.
Genus Uslonia Antropov, 1959 Type species.—Uslonia permira Antropov, 1959.
Other species.—Uslonia permira (sic: Uslonia polymorpha in Miklukho-Maklay, 1965); Cribrosphaera novita Pronina, 1960; Uslonia orientalis Miklukho-Maklay, 1965 not 1963; Vermi- porella myna Wray, 1967; Kalijanella incomposita Petrova, 1981; Kalijanella karpinensis karpinensis Petrova, 1981; and K. karpinensis giganteus Petrova, 1981.
Diagnosis.—Test elongate, free or temporarily attached. Slightly undulating wall with two or three large necks with an aperture at each extremity. Wall dark-microgranular, porous.
Occurrence.—Eifelian and Givetian of the western slope of the northern and central Urals, Russian Platform, eastern and wes- tern slopes of the southern Urals and western Siberian Platform.
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