616


Journal of Paleontology 91(4):604–617


David, B., and Mooi, R., 1998, Major events in the evolution of echinoderms viewed by the light of embryology, in Mooi, R., and Telford, M., eds., Echinoderms, San Francisco: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 21–28.


David, B., Lefebvre, B., Mooi, R., and Parsley, R.L., 2000, Are homalozoans echinoderms? An answer from the extraxial-axial theory: Paleobiology, v. 26, p. 529–555.


Donovan, S.K., and Paul, C.R.C., 1985, Coronate echinoderms from the lower Palaeozoic of Britain: Palaeontology, v. 28, p. 527–543.


Foerste, A.F., 1938, Echinodermata, in Resser, C.E., and Howell, B.F., eds., Lower Cambrian Olenellus zone of the Appalachians: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 49, p. 212–213.


Frest, T.J., and Strimple, H.L., 1982, A new comarocystitid (Echinodermata: Paracrinoidea) from the Kimmswick Limestone (Middle Ordovician), Missouri: Journal of Paleontology, v. 56, p. 358–370.


Frest, T.J., Strimple, H.L., and Paul, C.R.C., 2011, The North American Holocystites fauna (Echinodermata, Blastozoa: Diploporita): paleobiology and systematics: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 380, p. 141.


Guensburg, T.E., and Sprinkle, J., 2007, Phylogenetic implications of the Protocrinoidea: Blastozoans are not ancestral to crinoids: Annales de Paléontologie, v. 93, p. 277–290.


Guensburg, T.E., and Sprinkle, J., 2009, Solving the mystery of crinoid ancestry: new fossil evidence of arm origin and development: Journal of Paleonto- logy, v. 83, p. 350–364.


Guensburg, T.E., and Sprinkle, J., 2010, Emended restoration of Titanocrinus sumralli Guensburg and Sprinkle, 2003 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea): Journal of Paleontology, v. 84, p. 566–568.


Guensburg, T.E., Blake, D.B., Sprinkle, J., and Mooi, R., 2016, Crinoid ancestry without blastozoans: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 61, p. 253–266.


Jefferies, R.P.S., 1986, The Ancestry of the Vertebrates: London, British Museum (Natural History), 376 p.


Kammer, T.W., Sumrall, C.D., Ausich, W.I., Deline, B., and Zamora, S., 2013, Oral region homologies in Paleozoic crinoids and other plesiomorphic pentaradial echinoderms: PLoS One, v. 8, e77989.


Kesling, R.V., 1967, Cystoids, in Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology: New York and Lawrence, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, p. s86–262.


Meek, F.B., 1871, On some new Silurian crinoids and shells: American Journal of Science, ser, 3, p. 295–299.


Mooi, R., and David, B., 1997, Skeletal homologies of echinoderms, in Waters, J.A., and Maples, C.G., eds., Geobiology of Echinoderms: Paleontological Society papers, v. 3, p. 305–335.


Mooi, R., and David, B., 1998, Evolution within a bizarre phylum: homologies of the first echinoderms: American Zoologist, v. 38, p. 965–974.


Mooi, R., and David, B., 2008, Radial symmetry, the anterior/posterior axis, and echinoderm Hox genes: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, v. 39, p. 43–62.


Mooi, R., David, B., and Marchand, D., 1994, Echinoderm skeletal homologies: classical morphology meets modern phylogenetics, in David, B., Guille, A., Féral, J., and Roux, M., eds., Echinoderms Through Time: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, p. 87–95.


Mooi, R., David, B., and Wray, G.A., 2005, Arrays in rays: terminal addition in echinoderms and its correlation with gene expression: Evolution and Development, v. 7, p. 542–555.


Owen, D.D., and Shumard, B.F., 1850, Descriptions of fifteen new species of Crinoidea from the Subcarboniferous limestone of Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota in the years 1848–1849: Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ser. 2, v. 2, p. 89–94.


Parsley, R.L., 1980, Homalozoa, in Broadhead, T.W., and Waters J.A., eds., Echinoderms: Notes for a Short Course: Knoxville, University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, p. 200–214.


Parsley, R.L., 1982, Eumorphocystis, in Sprinkle, J., ed., Echinoderm Faunas from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Oklahoma: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Monograph, v. 1, p. 106–117.


Parsley, R.L., and Mintz, L.W., 1975, North American Paracrinoidea: (Ordovician, Paracrinozoa, New, Echinodermata): Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 68, p. 5–115.


Parsley, R.L., and Zhao, Y., 2006, Long stalked eocrinoids in the basal Middle Cambrian Kaili Biota, Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, China: Journal of Paleontology, v. 80, p. 1058–1071.


Patterson, C., 1988, Homology in classical and molecular biology: molecular biology and evolution, v. 5, p. 603–625.


Paul, C.R., 1971, Revision of the Holocystites fauna (Diploporita) of North America: Fieldiana Geology, v. 24, p. 1–166.


Paul, C.R.C., 1988, The phylogeny of the cystoids, in Paul, C.R.C., and Smith, A.B., eds., Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolution: Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 199–213.


Paul, C.R.C., and Smith, A.B., 1984, The early radiation and phylogeny of echinoderms: Biological Reviews, v. 59, p. 443–481.


Sheffield, S.L., and Sumrall, C.D., 2015, A new interpretation of the oral plating patterns of the Holocystites fauna (Diploporita: Echinodermata), in Zamora, S., and Rábano, I., eds., Progress in Echinoderm Paleobiology: Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 19: Madrid, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, p. 159–162.


Rowe, T., 1988, Definition, diagnosis, and origin of Mammalia: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 8, p. 241–264.


Smith, A.B., 1984, Classification of the Echinodermata: Palaeontology, v. 27, p. 431–459.


Sheffield, S.L., and Sumrall, C.D., 2017, A revision of the Holocystites (Diploporita: Echinodermata) fauna: Journal of Paleontology, doi: https:// doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.159.


Smith, A.B., 1990, Evolutionary diversification of echinoderms during the early Palaeozoic, in Taylor, P.D., and Larwood, G.P., eds., Systematics Association Special Volume 42: Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 256–286.


Sprinkle, J., 1973, Morphology and Evolution of Blastozoan Echinoderms: Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication, 283 p.


Sprinkle, J., 1975, The “arms” of Caryocrinites, a rhombiferan cystoid convergent on crinoids: Journal of Paleontology, v. 49, p. 1062–1073.


Sprinkle, J., and Parsley, R.L., 1982, “Golf-ball” paracrinoids, in Sprinkle, J., ed., Echinoderm Faunas from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Oklahoma: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Monograph, 1, p. 224–230.


Sprinkle, J., and Sumrall, C.D., 2008, New parablastoid taxa from North America: The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, v. 16, p. 1–14.


Stumm, E.C., 1955, Three new species of the cystid genus Lipsanocystis from the Middle Devonian of the Traverse Group of Michigan: Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, v. 12, p. 97–103.


Sumrall, C.D., 1996, Late Paleozoic edrioasteroids (Echinodermata) from the North American midcontinent: Journal of Paleontology, v. 70, p. 969–985.


Sumrall, C.D., 1997, The role of fossils in the phylogenetic reconstruction of Echinodermata, in Waters, J.A., and Maples, C.G., eds., Geobiology of Echinoderms: Paleontological Society Papers, v. 3, p. 267–288.


Sumrall, C.D., 2008, The origin of Lovén’s Law in glyptocystitoid rhombiferans and its bearing on the plate homology and the heterochronic evolution of the hemicosmitid peristomal border, in Ausich, W.I., and Webster, G.D., eds., Echinoderm Paleobiology: Bloomington, University of Indiana Press, p. 228–241.


Sumrall, C.D., 2010, A model for elemental homology for the peristome and ambulacra in blastozoan echinoderms, in Harris, L.G., Böttger, S.A., Walker, C.W., and Lesser, M.P., eds., Echinoderms: Durham: London, CRC Press, p. 269–276.


Sumrall, C.D., 2015, Understanding the oral area of derived stemmed echinoderms, in Zamora, S., and Rábano, I., eds., Progress in Echinoderm Paleobiology: Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 19: Madrid, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, p. 169–174.


Sumrall, C.D., and Deline, B., 2009, A new species of the dual-mouthed paracrinoid Bistomiacystis and a redescription of the edrioasteroid Edrioaster priscus from the Middle Ordovician Curdsville Member of the Lexington Limestone: Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, p. 135–139.


Sumrall, C.D., and Parsley, R.L., 2003, Morphology and biomechanical implications of isolated discocystinid plates (Edrioasteroidea, Echinodermata) from the Carboniferous of North America: Palaeontology, v. 46, p. 113–138.


Sumrall, C.D., and Waters, J.A., 2012, Universal elemental homology in glyptocystitoids, hemicosmitoids, coronoids and blastoids: steps toward echinoderm phylogenetic reconstruction in derived blastozoa: Journal of Paleontology, v. 86, p. 956–972.


Sumrall, C.D., and Wray, G.A., 2007, Ontogeny in the fossil record: diversification of body plans and the evolution of “aberrant” symmetry in Paleozoic echinoderms: Paleobiology, v. 33, p. 149–163.


Sumrall, C.D., and Zamora, S., 2011, Ordovician edrioasteroids from Morocco: faunal exchanges across the Rheic Ocean: Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, v. 9, p. 425–454.


Sumrall, C.D., Sprinkle, J., and Guensburg, T.E., 1997, Systematics and paleoecology of late Cambrian echinoderms from the western United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, p. 1091–1109.


Sumrall, C.D.,Brett,CE.,Dexter, T.A.,andBartholomew,A.,2009,An enigmatic blastozoan fauna from central Kentucky: Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, p. 739–749.


Ubaghs, G., 1963, Rhopalocystis destombesi n. g., n. sp., éocrinoïde de 1494 l’Ordovicien inférieur (Trémadocien supérieur) du Sud marocain: Notes et 1495: Mémoires du Service géologique du Maroc, v. 172, p. 25–45.


Wanner, J., 1916, Die Permischen echinodermen von Timor, I. Teil: Palaontologie von Timor, v. 11, p. 1–329.


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140  |  Page 141  |  Page 142  |  Page 143  |  Page 144  |  Page 145  |  Page 146  |  Page 147  |  Page 148  |  Page 149  |  Page 150  |  Page 151  |  Page 152  |  Page 153  |  Page 154  |  Page 155  |  Page 156  |  Page 157  |  Page 158  |  Page 159  |  Page 160  |  Page 161  |  Page 162  |  Page 163  |  Page 164  |  Page 165  |  Page 166  |  Page 167  |  Page 168  |  Page 169  |  Page 170  |  Page 171  |  Page 172  |  Page 173  |  Page 174  |  Page 175  |  Page 176  |  Page 177  |  Page 178  |  Page 179  |  Page 180  |  Page 181  |  Page 182  |  Page 183  |  Page 184  |  Page 185  |  Page 186  |  Page 187  |  Page 188  |  Page 189  |  Page 190  |  Page 191  |  Page 192  |  Page 193  |  Page 194  |  Page 195  |  Page 196  |  Page 197  |  Page 198  |  Page 199  |  Page 200  |  Page 201  |  Page 202  |  Page 203  |  Page 204  |  Page 205  |  Page 206  |  Page 207  |  Page 208  |  Page 209  |  Page 210  |  Page 211  |  Page 212  |  Page 213  |  Page 214  |  Page 215  |  Page 216  |  Page 217  |  Page 218  |  Page 219  |  Page 220  |  Page 221  |  Page 222  |  Page 223  |  Page 224  |  Page 225  |  Page 226  |  Page 227  |  Page 228  |  Page 229  |  Page 230  |  Page 231  |  Page 232  |  Page 233  |  Page 234  |  Page 235  |  Page 236  |  Page 237  |  Page 238  |  Page 239  |  Page 240  |  Page 241  |  Page 242  |  Page 243  |  Page 244  |  Page 245  |  Page 246  |  Page 247  |  Page 248  |  Page 249  |  Page 250  |  Page 251  |  Page 252  |  Page 253  |  Page 254  |  Page 255  |  Page 256  |  Page 257  |  Page 258  |  Page 259  |  Page 260  |  Page 261  |  Page 262  |  Page 263  |  Page 264  |  Page 265  |  Page 266  |  Page 267  |  Page 268  |  Page 269  |  Page 270  |  Page 271  |  Page 272  |  Page 273  |  Page 274  |  Page 275  |  Page 276  |  Page 277  |  Page 278  |  Page 279  |  Page 280  |  Page 281  |  Page 282  |  Page 283  |  Page 284  |  Page 285  |  Page 286  |  Page 287  |  Page 288