Cole et al.—New crinoids from the Middle and Upper Ordovician, Spain Infrabasal plates likely five, completely hidden in basal
concavity. Basal circlet forming rim of basal concavity, visible in side view; basal plates five, quadrangular, tapering distally, slightly higher than wide. Radial circlet interrupted in all rays; radial plates five,
pentagonal, wider than high, similar in size to basals. Interrays wide, all of equal width, in contact with tegmen,
not depressed, interrupting the radial circlet in all rays; no apparent differentiation of CD interray. First interradial plate approximately as wide as high, comprising most of the interray to at least the height of the first secundibrachial. Second range likely constructed of two plates, plating of higher rows unknown. First primibrachial fixed, rectangular, wider than high;
second primibrachial axillary, hexagonal. Secundibrachials two, fixed, second axillary; distal-most fixed brachial second or third
tertibrachial. Intrabrachial plates between secundibrachials and tertibrachials of adjacent half rays and between tertibrachials of adjacent quarter rays. Arm openings 20, ungrouped (Fig. 3.11, 3.12) or grouped
by half rays in pairs of two (Fig. 3.8); free arms unbranched. Brachials proximally cuneate uniserial transitioning to flat chisel biserial in mature arms. Pinnules thin, elongate; first two pinnules enlarged, usually on third and fifth tertibrachial of each arm, lowermost pinnule sometimes fixed, pinnules on every brachial distally. Tegmen low, convex, comprised of numerous small plates;
plates undifferentiated, ornamented with elongated nodes. Position and nature of anal opening unknown. Proximal stem circular, heteromorphic; holomeric in adult
specimens (Fig. 3.7, 3.11, 3.12), pentameric in juveniles (Fig. 3.1, 3.2), N3231323. Lumen, distal stem, and holdfast unknown.
Etymology.—Nodulus, after the Latin for swelling or knot, in reference to the swelling of the median ray ridges at plate sutures.
Measurements.—Holotype and paratype measurements are given in Table 2.
Remarks.—Specimen MPZ 2016/97, part and counterpart (Fig. 3.1, 3.2), represents a juvenile form of Fombuenacrinus nodulus. The cup is approximately 2 mm high, in contrast with the adult specimen MPZ 2016/105 (Fig. 3.12), which is approximately 10 mm high (Table 2). The juvenile specimen retains a number of features characteristic of adults of the species, including heavy ridges ornamenting the basals and radials (Kolata, 1982), stellate ornamentation on the interradial plates, two primibrachials, two secundibrachials, and enlarge- ment of the first two pinnules. Fewer brachial and interradial plates are fixed in the juvenile form, indicating interray plates
723
grew to incorporate the brachials through ontogeny, and brachials are free above the first or second primibrachial. In the free arms of the juvenile specimen, brachials are rectan- gular and more than twice as high as wide. Enlarged pinnules give the false impression of asymmetric branching (Fig. 3.1). The first two pinnules on the second and fourth brachials are enlarged; distally, pinnules are smaller and are on every brachial. The juvenile stem is pentameric and not fully differentiated to the adult heteromorphic condition; all colum- nals are equal in circumference and thickness with the exception of the primary nodals, which are enlarged. This indicates the stem internodals differentiated later in ontogeny and the stem meres later fused to become holomeric in at least the proximal stem.
Genus Goyacrinus new genus
Type species.—Goyacrinus gutierrezi new species, by monotypy.
Diagnosis.—As for species, by monotypy.
Etymology.—Goyacrinus, in recognition of the Spanish painter, Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, who was born in Fuende- todos (Zaragoza province), several kilometers north of the locality were this crinoid was collected.
Remarks.—Goyacrinus is assigned to the Anthracocrinidae on the basis of its basal concavity including infrabasals and partial
basals, median ray ridges, regular interray plating in biseries, fixed tertibrachials, enlarged first pinnules, and 20 free arm openings. Goyacrinus is the only genus assigned to Anthraco- crinidae known to possess an anal series and anitaxial ridge, and it also lacks the fixed pinnules characteristic of most anthracocrinids. Goyacrinus is similar to Anthracocrinus on the basis of
biserial plating in the regular interrays, fixed intrabrachials only present medially between adjacent half rays (not quarter rays), differentiation of the posterior interray, arms that become free above the first or second tertibrachial, and unbranched free arms. Goyacrinus is distinguished from Anthracocrinus by its prominent median ray ridges, anal series in the posterior interray, regular interrays in contact with the tegmen, regular interrays with prominent biserial plating, 20 free arms, cuneate biserial brachials in mature arms, and no fixed pinnules. Anthracocrinus possesses low and broad median ray ridges, no anal series in the posterior interray, regular interrays that are not in contact with the tegmen, regular interrays with weak biserial plating, 15 free arms, cuneate uniserial brachials in mature arms, and fixed pinnules. Goyacrinus is also morpho- logically similar to Cotylacrinna Brower, 1994, which is currently assigned to Rhodocrinitidae. Because Cotylacrinna
Figure 3. Camerate crinoids from the Fombuena Formation of Spain. (1, 2, 7, 8, 11, 12) Fombuenacrinus nodulus n. gen. n. sp.: (1, 2) lateral views of juvenile crown, part and counterpart, paratype, MPZ 2016/97; (7) lateral view of calyx and proximal arms, paratype, MPZ2016/84; (8) tegmen and proximal arms, paratype, MPZ2016/85; (11) lateral view of partial calyx and proximal arms, paratype, MPZ2016/92; (12) lateral view of crown, holotype, MPZ2016/105; (3–6) Ambonacrinus decorus n. gen. n. sp., holotype, MPZ2016/94; (3) DE-interray view of calyx and proximal arms; (4) E-ray view of calyx and proximal arms; (5) CD-interray view of calyx and proximal arms, note anitaxial ridge originating from C radial; (6) DE-interray view of calyx; (9, 10) Goyacrinus gutierrezi n. gen. n. sp., holotype, MPZ2016/99; (9) lateral view of crown; (10) lateral view of crown and proximal stem.
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