Thompson et al.—Permian echinoids
Occurrence.—Wuchiapingian of Germany, the United King- dom, and Roadian and Guadalupian of Texas.
Eotiaris guadalupensis Thompson new species
urn:lsid:
zoobank.org:act:6B7A2509-8B8D-4A48-9C18- 6BAF42BB9E51 Figure 1.1–1.5
1958b Spine Kier, p. 889, pl. 114, fig. 3. v. 1965 Miocidaris sp.; Kier, p. 456.
v. 2015a Eotiaris guadalupensis; Thompson et al., p. 3, fig. 1. Unavailable name. Holotype.—The holotype is specimen USNM610600 (Fig. 1.5).
Diagnosis.—Eotiaris with straight, clavate and bulbous spines covered in numerous spinules arranged helically around the shaft.
Occurrence.—The specimens discussed and figured herein are known from the Lamar Member of the Bell Canyon Formation of the Guadalupe Mountains. They are thus Capitanian in age. Localities are USNM 725e, 728p, and 738b from Cooper
and Grant (1972) with coordinates from Wardlaw (2008). USNM 725e has latitude and longitude coordinates in decimal degrees of 31.9474, 104.7075. Type locality USNM 728p is located at 31.942, 104.701 and locality USNM 738b is at 31.981, 104.7497. Specimens of E. guadalupensis are also known from the Road Canyon and Word formations of the Glass Mountains of West Texas. The road Canyon Formation is, at the youngest, Roadian, while the Word Formation is Wordian.
Description.—See Thompson et al. (2015b) p. 3-4 for descrip- tion of this taxon.
Etymology.—guadalupensis from the Guadalupe Mountains of west Texas, from where the type material was collected.
Materials.—USNM 610600 (Fig. 1.5), which is the holotype and USNM 610601 (Fig. 1.4)–610605, which are paratypes.
Remarks.—The description of this species was published in the online only journal Scientific Reports, and the name was not registered with ZooBank, making it unavailable. The name is herein validated. Because this species was very recently described (Thompson et al., 2015b), no further description is warranted here. We have figured, however, the proximal spine shaft, milled ring, and base of the spines of this taxon (Fig. 1.1–1.3), which appears to be diagnostic due to the distinct diagonally oriented ridge and furthermore allows for attribution of disarticulated spines to the coronas. In addition, two of the type specimens, the holotype (USNM 610600; Fig. 1.5) and one of the paratypes (USNM 610601; Fig. 1.4), have been figured for completeness of the fauna.
Stem Group Echinoidea Family Archaeocidaridae M’Coy, 1844 Type genus.—Archaeocidaris M’Coy, 1844
Archaeocidaridae indet. Figure 2.4–2.14
Occurrence.—Lamar Member of the Bell Canyon Formation of the Guadalupe Mountains, West Texas. Localities 728p, 725e, 738b from Cooper and Grant (1972). See preceding description of localities in Eotiaris guadalupensis for details.
justification for, or against, subdivision into different taxa. The first plate morphotype consists of plates ranging from width about 1.1 to 1.23 times height (Fig. 2.4, 2.5). Boss about 0.4 to 0.5 times as wide as plate and 0.5 to 0.6 times as high as plate. One ring of scrobicular tubercles present adjacent to plate edge with about 19 scrobicular tubercles per plate. Scrobicular tubercles on raised edge of plate such that area between tuber- cles is also raised relative to the aureole. Tubercles sunken relative to scrobicular ring. Median (interradial) interambulacral plates hexagonal, adambulacral (adradial) plates pentagonal with adambulacral scrobicular ring slightly thicker than rest of plate. The second morphotype consists of plates that are about equally high as wide to 1.2 times higher than wide (Fig. 2.6–2.9). Median interambulacral plates hexagonal, adambulacral plates pentagonal. Plates have one row of scrobicular tubercles on their lateral margins, but may have more than one on their adoral and adapical edges. These additional rows of scrobicular tubercles contain smaller tubercles. About 20–22 scrobicular tubercles per plate. The primary tubercles are less sunken than the tubercles in the first morphotype. Spines straight with alternating rows of spinules (Fig. 2.10, 2.13, 2.14). In cross section, spines appear to be triangular to circular and appear to be hollow (Fig. 2.11, 2.12), though it is difficult to tell whether this is a true morphological feature or taphonomic.
Description.—This taxon is only known from disarticulated interambulacral plates and spines. Tubercles perforate and cre- nulate. Mamelons in the shape of an inverted cone. Crenulations present in between parapet edge and mamelon and appear as extensions of the parapet projecting radially inward toward the mamelon (Fig. 2.6, 2.7). Some plates show diagenetic alteration in the morphology of the mamelon, and as such, it is difficult to discern whether they are crenulate (Fig. 2.4, 2.8). Radial plications present faintly (Fig. 2.4). Interior of plates slightly concave (Fig. 2.5) with denticles present on adambulacral edges (Fig. 2.9). Hexagonal plates are also present, which lack denti- cles (Fig. 2.4, 2.5), indicating that the interambulacral plates were arranged into more than two columns per area. There are two distinct interambulacral plate morphotypes present in the assemblage, and whether they represent two distinct taxa or plate variability within a species or individuals is unknown. We have chosen to treat all disarticulated archaeocidarid ossicles together as one taxon until better material is known and there is
Materials.—Over 100 disarticulated plates and spine fragments were examined. Specimen USNM 617187 is one lot of disarticulated spines of Archaeocidaridae indet. USNM 617188 is one lot of interambulacral plates belonging to the first plate morphology while USNM 617189 is one lot of disarticulated
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