684
Journal of Paleontology 91(4):672–684 Appendix. Rationale of the phylogenetic analysis
Method Phylogenetic analysis was conducted in PAUP 4.0a150 (Swofford, 2016) using the criterion of maximum parsimony. All characters are treated as unordered, except for the fifth (David et al., 2000), and equally weighted. Analysis was a heuristic search with random addition (repeated 1,000 times) with a branch-swapping using the tree-bisection reconnection algorithm. The majority-rule consensus of nine equally parsimo- nious trees has been retained (L = 27 steps, CI = 0.741, RI = 0.800, RC = 0.593). Bootstrap and Bremer support have been calculated in PAUP 4.0a150. Analysis was performed on genera represented by exemplar species (see Supplementary Data S1). The taxon Stromatocystites Pompeckj, 1896 has been considered as outgroup according to previous phylogenetic analyses (Zamora and Smith, 2012; Zamora et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2013).
List of characters Our phylogenetic analysis is based on a list of 13 characters, partly emended fromPaul and Smith (1984),Nardin et al. (2009), Smith et al. (2013), and Zamora and Smith (2012). Coding has been based on new observations of specimens of the 13 considered taxa and on a reinterpretation according to the extraxial-axial theory framework (Mooi and David, 1998; David et al., 2000; Nardin et al., 2009; Zamora et al., 2012; Lefebvre et al., 2015).
Ambulacral system
1. Exothecal appendages: (0) absence, (1) presence 2. Ambulacral floor: (0) specialized flooring plates forming an integral part of the oral surface, (1) specialized flooring plates embedded in and then recumbent/erect on the body wall, (2) specialized flooring plates strictly erect or recumbent on the body wall, (3) ambulacral rays lying directly on perioral and thecal plates (no calcified flooring plates). This character concerns the topology of the axial plates
bearing the brachioles and the rest of the oral surface (perforate extraxial skeleton). Specific ambulacral plates have been detected in most of the genera (except in Lichenoides and Ubaghsicystis).
3. Ambulacral symmetry: (0) 2-1-2 pattern, (1) reduced 4. Ambulacral ray branching: (0) absence, (1) on lateral side(s) of the ray, (2) grouped at the end of the ray This character focuses on the branching patterns of the
6. Body wall capsule: (0) antero-posteriorly flattened, (1) globular
capsule edge, (1) extended over the body capsule edge and forming part of the lateral vertical body capsule, (2) forming the entire body capsule enclosing viscera.
7. Oral surface plating: (0) numerous, small elements, (1) few large plates
8. Organization of the perforate extraxial skeleton: (0) none (irregular plating), (1) in circlets
9. Respiratory structures as epispires: (0) presence, (1) absence
10. Location of the periproct: (0) within the oral disc, (1) within the lateral wall Periproct has been detected in Felbabkacystis n. gen.
relatively high in the lateral body wall. A similar location has been observed in Gogia (Zamora et al., 2009), Sinoeocrinus (Parsley and Zhao, 2006), Ubaghsicystis (Gil Cid and Domínguez-Alonso, 2002), whereas it pierced within the oral disc in Lepidocystis and Kinzercystis (Sprinkle, 1973), Vyscystis (Figs. 2.4, 2.5, 4.3), Lyracystis (Sprinkle and Collins, 2006) and Ridersia (Jelletal.,1985). It remains unknown in Trachelocrinus (Sprinkle, 1973), Akadocrinus and Lichenoides (our observations).
Aboral region
11. Extension of the aboral part of the body wall (imperforate extraxial region): (0) extensive and forming lateral walls of the test, (1) elongate and contributing to lower part of body capsule, (2) elongate and not contributing to body capsule, (3) atrophied and reduced to few plates. Lichenoides has no column but few platelets forming its attachment disc, considered as homologous of stalk (coding 3).
12. Plating of the aboral region: (0) tessellate, (1) imbricate 13. Plating of the aboral region: (0) homeomorphic elements, (1) polymorphic elements, (2) holomeric cylindrical elements
Character codification for each taxon Thirteen genera, represented by the species listed in the Supplementary Data S1, have been selected on the basis of previous phylogenetic analyses.
Stromatocystites Lepidocystis
ambulacral rays, with or without any specific ambulacral floor plates. Brachioles appear to be grouped at the end of the
ambulacral rays in the eocrinid genera and Ubaghsicystis, whereas they rise alternately from both sides of the ray in the other genera of the ingroup.
Body capsule
5. Extension of the tessellate perforate extraxial region: (0) restricted to a plateau-like oral surface, above the body
Felbabkacystis Kinzercystis Vyscystis Lyracystis
Trachelocrinus Ubaghsicystis Ridersia
Lichenoides Akadocrinus Gogia
Sinoeocrinus
00000 00000 000 10010 10000 010 10121 10001 110 10010 10000 010 10010 10000 010 11012 10000 201 12012 11?1? 202 13122 11101 202 10012 11110 202 13012 1110? 301 10022 10?0? 201 10022 10?01 201 10022 10101 201
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