b I asked her if she had a pencil. c When do you expect to arrive. d Please pass the salt. e Who is at the door.


7 A sentence that contains strong emotion often ends with an exclamation mark. Sometimes, exclamation marks are also used in sentences that contain commands. Do not use exclamation marks too often, as they will no longer be effective. The following passage needs two exclamation marks. Where should they be?


The dinner was absolutely disgusting. The soup was thick and lumpy and the meat was tough and stringy. We had grey, old spinach as a vegetable. Salad consisted of a sad lettuce leaf. I’ll never go there again.


8 Write down the passage that follows and fill in the missing punctuation. Don’t forget to use capital letters for proper nouns and proper adjectives.


I think you should visit tshipise (a holiday resort) while you are here take the N1 north turn right at the sign to the kruger national park and travel about 20 kilometres further you will see the resort on your right it can be overcrowded during the holiday season but in late july and early august it is usually very pleasant the drive through the mountains is absolutely beautiful


9 Apostrophes are used in contractions where letters have been left out. They can also show possession. Write the following passage in your book and fill in apostrophes for contractions.


My brother told us hes coming to show us his new car tomorrow, but were all going to a school soccer tournament. The school team is playing two matches. Theyre playing against two of the strongest sides in the area. Its going to be tough as theyve only been playing for a short time. Still, Im sure they’ll enjoy it.


10 Which owners are singular? a The ducks’ feathers b The plant’s stem c National Women’s Day d Kodi’s friend


11 Rewrite these sentences. Fill in the missing words. (Use apostrophes.) a The horns of the buffaloes are the . . . horns. b The gates of the Park are the . . . gates. c The tent pegs belonging to the tent are the .. . tent pegs.


d The car belonging to Mr Jacobs is . . . car.


e The chalets where the children are staying are the . . . chalets.


12 A number of apostrophes are missing or have been used incorrectly in the passage. Correct them.


Its still pouring, but I want to take the video’s back soon because I said Id fetch Alans puppy from the vet before six o’clock. I left it’s lead next to the mices cage in the two girls bedroom. Wont you bring it for me?


11 Where should colons be added in the following sentences? a Please bring the following items to Art class tomorrow paint, old toothbrushes, glitter, glue and scraps of material.


b There are three main issues that must be dealt with how the advert attracts your attention, how it persuades you that the product is desirable, and how it makes itself memorable.


Adjectives and adjectival phrases and clauses


1 Adjectives make your writing more vivid. You can also use adjectives to persuade somebody. a You want to sell an old scooter. Write three adjectives to describe it.


b Imagine you have just had an argument with a friend. Write three adjectives to describe him or her during the argument.


c You want to put off a small child who wants to eat an earthworm. Write three adjectives to describe the earthworm.


d You are drinking a cold drink and you want to make your brother or sister jealous. Write three adjectives to describe it.


2 Rewrite these sentences with the adjectives in the correct form. a That boy is the (enthusiastic) singer that I have ever heard.


b I really think we are the (good) team of the two, but I admit that they are the (experienced).


c I thought your book was (fat) than mine. d My sister complained that I gave her the (little) cold drink of everybody.


e You think your puppy is (clever) than mine!


3 Sometimes you can use adjectival phrases and clauses in place of adjectives. Like adjectives, adjectival phrases and clauses describe nouns. Find the nouns that each phrase and clause describes and decide whether it is a phrase or a clause. a The old fishing boat, with the heart of a lion, turned to face the storm.


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