Language and conventions: The learner can identify and discuss formal and informal style or register


identify and discuss sentences as statements, questions, commands and explanations and their purpose


identify and discuss paragraphs and their purpose


The learner can distinguish between informal and formal style by looking at the choice of vocabulary, the use of contractions, the content, layout and purpose of the text, etc.


The learner can identify, for example, the different types of sentence by the correct punctuation, their purpose and that they make sense; can talk about subject and object, tenses, singular and plural, etc.


The learner can identify distinct groups of sentences forming coherent paragraphs; that paragraphs contain one main idea; that in factual writing there should be a topic and supporting sentences; can explain that sentences and paragraphs should be properly linked with conjunctions, prepositions, etc.


identify and discuss the various parts of speech and their purpose


The learner can name and/or identify the different parts of speech; can describe the role that they play in context in the sentence, paragraph, verse, etc.; can suggest valid alternatives where appropriate, for example, that the adjectives add interest and detail to a noun.


identify and discuss the various punctuation marks and their purpose


The learner knows the different punctuation marks and can name them; can describe the role of each punctuation mark; can identify how it is used in a particular context, for example, a comma to separate two or more adjectives or a comma to indicate a pause and to make meaning clear.


identify and discuss literal and figurative language and its effect


The learner can identify whether words are being used literally or not, for example, can look up and understand dictionary meanings of words and identify if that is how the word is being used in context; can identify appropriate figures of speech such as proverbs and idioms, similes, metaphors and personification, alliteration and onomatopoeia can explain the purpose and effect of such figures of speech.


talk about vocabulary and descriptive language


The learner can proactively extend his or her own vocabulary by regularly using a dictionary to find meanings or a thesaurus to choose more interesting synonyms; can explain the different effect of using alternative words and phrases; can identify the power of descriptive language; can talk about the connotation and denotation of words and can identify when language is being used to persuade, shock or manipulate, etc.


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