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t Touch Point – Measur- ing the exact location at which the tool contacts


the rivet.Monitoring this parameter helps avoid “wrong rivet” failures by detecting the actual length of the rivet being used.


t Force Position Signa- ture – Fingerprinting the


process.The relation- ship between force and press position should be repeatable for every rivet within very small, and completely program- mable, limits. Evaluat- ing the signature within milliseconds ensures that the joint meets the programmed specifi ca- tions. Monitoring the force position signature detects many defects including “wrong rivet” material, hardness and diameter; improper hole size or missing hole; and a whole range of tooling issues.


Promess builds end-of-arm robotic riveting systems that bring the full capabilities of servo-press technology to all but the most confi ned of spaces.


t Final Depth – Was the rivet processed to the proper depth? For materials with precisely controlled thick- ness, measuring final depth ensures that the rivet has been properly deformed and the joint tension is correct. When material thickness is not precisely controlled, fi nal depth can be used in conjunction with touch point and press-mounted probe to produce a successful joint every time.


t Speed – How quickly was the rivet deformed? Con- trolling the speed with which the rivet is deformed is an often overlooked, but extremely important parameter. If the speed is too slow the rivet material may not fl ow correctly and cycle time is wasted. If it is too fast the rivet may work harden leading to material fractures and a poor rivet joint. A fully-electric servo-press with appropriate instrumenta- tion allows the user to close-loop the press velocity with the


force loop to maintain a velocity that keeps the force at the required level for optimal material fl ow.


Putting this new riveting technology to work in the con-


fi nes of many aerospace assembly operations has been a challenge. The original systems tended to be large and were typically confi gured as fl oor-mounted C-frame presses. But, that, too is rapidly changing. Today, companies like


Promess are building both hand-held and end-of-arm robotic riveting systems that bring the full capabilities of servo-press technology to all but the most confi ned of spaces. As the aerospace industry advances and composites and other exotic materials continue to replace metals, the ability to produce precisely controlled riveted joints will present a whole series of new challenges. Fortunately, the ancient technology of riveting has also entered the 21st


century in time to meet those challenges and others certain to follow.


41 — Aerospace & Defense Manufacturing 2016


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