Processing – News
Russian processing company to sue government over import ban ONE of the largest fi sh-processing
factories in Russia has been forced to suspend operations as a direct impact of the newly imposed sanc- tions on seafood imports, and has fi led a lawsuit against the govern- ment with the Supreme Court. A report in
ShanghailDaily.com stated that Mikhail Zub, head of
the Murmansky Rybokombinat, told local
papers that all work in the factory, in Murmansk, had ceased after fi sh shipments from Norway were discontinued.
The company had petitioned the Russian government for assistance, and is now taking legal action. With a production capacity of around 70,000 tonnes, the factory specialises in live fi sh processing for val- ue-added products.
Zub explained that the factory takes only live fi sh, which are transport- ed in special vessels – naerly all of them from foreign countries. ‘We took out bank loans and fully modernised our factory last year de- signed to process fresh fi sh coming from Norwegian waters’, he told the Moscow Times. ‘With a ban in place we have now stopped production.’ Deputy Head of the Federation Council’s Committee for Constitution- al Legislation, Konstantin Dobrynin, said that the lawsuit was ‘unprec- endented’ but welcome, since it demonstrates that ‘the subjects of the Russian legal system are not afraid to speak out against the state itself, reported the Barents Observer. The Supreme Court hearing will begin on 11 November.
Dozens of processing jobs to be
created in Fife fish factory MARINE Harvest’s new fi sh pro- cessing plant, in Rosyth, is expect- ed to be fully operational by the early next year, securing a number of jobs for the Fife area. The Norwegian-based company took over the facility when it purchased Meridian Salmon. It is hoped the new facility will bolster Marine Harvest VAP, which fell £2.7 million into the red in the year to December 31, 2013, having posted a profi t the previous year, says a report in
thecourier.co.uk However, a majority of Marine
Harvest VAP’s sales came from the UK (£15.6m). The company’s MD, Douglas Aitchison, in his report
fi led to Companies House, stated: ‘Marine Harvest VAP UK Ltd will continue its trade in value-added salmon processing, with a strong- er focus on the retail market. Increased sales opportunities will be sought in light of the develop- ment of a new processing plant in Rosyth. ‘This processing plant, previously
owned by Meridian Salmon Pro- cessing Ltd, was transferred to the company subsequent to the year end. The company will be support- ed by its ultimate parent, Marine Harvest ASA, for the foreseeable future and in the continued devel- opment of the Rosyth facilities.’
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Stirling research ROUND UP
S Stirling scientists tackle global sea lice problem Hungarian Aquaculture
ea lice are naturally occurring obligate crusta- cean ectoparasites of salmon that continue to be one of the most costly and challenging fi sh health issues for the salmon farming industry, with
Scotland alone spending over £30 million per year on mitigation. Despite the continued focus of the aquacul- ture industry on the use of integrated pest management, alternative approaches are urgently required. The Institute of Aquaculture (IoA) is at the forefront of the battle against sea lice, with research projects on all main strategies, including the deployment of cleaner fi sh, the development of a vaccine, studies on host/parasite resistance designed to identify the parasite’s weak spots and the screening/development of novel products to re- duce sea lice burdens. Professor Herve Migaud, Director of Research at the IoA, commented: ‘These projects dem- onstrate the leading position occupied by the Institute in supporting the Scottish aquaculture sector and underline our strong commitment to solving current problems in sustainable aquaculture in the UK and worldwide.’
WRASSE - A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL The cohabitation of cultured native cleaner-wrasse species with salmon stocks is widely considered as one of the most environmentally friendly and sustainable solu- tions to pest management. This sustainability is nonethe- less only achievable if the wrasse are farmed rather than wild-caught. The farming of wrasse is currently in its rela- tive infancy, with limited knowledge of their reproductive physiology, spawning behaviour, larval development and general performance in captivity. Leading Scottish salmon producers, Marine Harvest Scotland (MHS) and Scottish Sea Farms Ltd (SSF), and scientists from the Institute of Aquaculture (IoA) Reproduction & Genetics team have been recently awarded co-funding of £2.1m from the Technology Strategy Board to support their collaborative wrasse initiative. John Webster, Technical Director of the SSPO, says: ‘We are delighted that Scottish salmon farm- ing has attracted TSB funding for a project designed to further improve the industry’s sustainability. The prospect of biological control of sea lice through the use of cleaner wrasse is exciting and promising.’ The project started in January 2012 with the aim of developing the technolo- gies to breed and grow commercially viable numbers of wrasse in tanks and to deploy in the salmon industry. Benefi ting from extensive expertise in aquaculture
ventures and in the use of wrasse as a biological control against sea lice, the industrial partners are currently run- ning a dedicated wrasse hatchery in University of Stirling premises at Machrihanish (formerly Machrihanish Marine Farm Ltd), presently holding over 1000 ballan wrasse broodstock under different light and temperature re- gimes. The project is supported by two dedicated IoA sci- entists: Bridie Grant (PhD student) and Dr Eric Leclercq (Post-Doctoral Research scientist) under the supervision of Professor Herve Migaud and Dr Andrew Davie. Achievements in 2012 include: improved spawning quan- tity and quality; refi nement of larval rearing protocols; the testing of custom-designed wrasse diets (in collaboration with fi sh feed companies); increased understanding of sex identifi cation; and manipulation, stress response, behav-
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THE Crown Estate is calling for nominations and entries for this year’s Scottish Marine Aquaculture Awards. There are nine award categories and entries are welcomed
from individuals, companies and other organisations involved in the Scottish marine aquaculture industry who employ the highest standards of aquaculture husbandry; supply Scottish
001_ff02.indd 1 07/02/2013 15:55:23
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Access Name on Card: Switch expiry date Hungary for success Wales - mussels
Thomas Shellfish – pioneering rope mussel
farming in Wales
Opposite: Wrasse broodstock at
iour and wild wrasse population dynamic and genetics. One of the most important tasks during this fi rst year was to confi rm the effi ciency of wrasse in removing sea lice from salmon. The delousing effi ciency of wild wrasse in sea cages is
well documented across Scotland and Norway. However, this is not the case of their hatchery counterparts that have been reared on dry pellets. A preliminary trial at Machrihanish Marine Environmental Research Laboratory (MERL) assessed the performance of cohabiting hatch- ery-reared ballan wrasse (c30g in weight) in delousing Atlantic salmon (c150g in weight). The experiment tested two wrasse/salmon ratios (6% or 12% wrasse by number) with 50 salmon (± 7.5 lice / salmon). The trial proved to be highly successful, with the total sea lice burden being reduced by 86% and 98% (6% and 12% treatments, respectively) following 40h of cohabita- tion with both gravid female and adult/pre-adult stages preyed upon (Figure 1).
VACCINE – A NEW WEAPON IN THE WAR One alternative to the use of therapeutic medicines
would be the development of an effi cacious vaccine, pro- viding long-term protection. Such a vaccine would
Machrihanish wrasse hatchery (P Featherstone) Above: Male and female sealice (W Roy) Figure 1: Average sea- lice count per salmon (15 salmon assessed / treatment / tank) at the start of the experiment (0h) and following 40h of cohabitation with 6% or 12% ballan wrasse (30g, hatchery-origin) in 600 L tanks at a water temperature of 13.5°C (Migaud H and Leclercq E)
Colin Thomas’ mussel barge, the Carpe Diem, on station in Queen’s Dock
SUCCESS Hungary for
CASTING AN EYE ON EASTERN EUROPE
TIBOR FELEDI, GERGO GYALOG, ANDRAS RÓNYAI AND LASZLO VÁRADI RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE AND IRRIGATION (HAKI), SZARVAS, HUNGARY
Historically hatchery- reared wrasse have been less effective
Figure 1 28 06/03/2013 11:03:53 16 Untitled-2 16
Combined extensive
and intensive systems are increasingly popular
T
otal annual aquaculture production in Hungary varies between 14,000 and 16,000 tons. As in most Central and Eastern European countries, pond culture is the most important subsector,
with a yearly production of 12-14,000 tons, accounting for 85-90 per cent of the volume. Changes in annual production mainly come from the fact that most pond farmers use traditional low intensity (extensive or semi-intensive) technologies, characterised by strong reliance on natural food production, thus yearly harvests are subject to weather conditions. This kind of fi sh farming activity is often considered to be the oldest in Europe, dating back to Medieval times, and is considered a cultural heritage in certain regions of Central and Eastern Europe. Typical fi sh ponds are earthen enclosures and cereals are applied as supplemen- tary feed to natural food, contributing to 30-60% of the biomass gain, depending on the level of farming intensity.
Fish yields range from 500-1,000 kg ha-1 year-1 in extensive technologies to 1,000 – 2,000 kg ha-1 year- 1 in semi-intensive technologies. These plankton and cereal-based traditional technologies do not allow the production of valuable predatory species – 95-98% of the biomass gain originates from the growth of common carp (75-80%) and Asian carps. Carnivorous fi sh are only used in these technologies to control undesirable fi sh species, as direct feeding with pellets is not effi cient in polyculture. Although this way of farming can be regarded as a resource-saving, environmental-friendly production, numerous factors have challenged its economical sustain- ability. Rising fi xed costs, deteriorating market position of carps (demand shifting toward predators) and increasing bird predation have adverse effects on profi tability of low-intensity technologies. However, two distinct pond culture development models show themselves adaptable to survive: (i) creating a multifunctional farming model and generating income from angling, bird watching and tourism; (ii) applying intensive technologies that rely almost exclusively on for- mulated feeds (in combination with of the use of smaller ponds or cages in ponds) and cutting the fi xed costs per kg fi sh by increasing yields to 5-15,000 kg ha-1 year-1.
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Probably, as always, the best path to follow lies between the extremes: integration of certain elements of the two models creates a good opportunity for combined extensive systems. Intensive tank aquaculture accounts for a yearly produc- tion of 2,000 tons in Hungary (10-15% of total aquac- ulture). Flow-through systems using geothermal water are used for North African catfi sh (Clarias gariepinus X Heterobranchus bidorsalis) farming, producing some 1,800 tons yearly. The production of this species is a success story of Hungarian fi sh culture. The research work started in 1984 and nowadays Hungary is the second largest catfi sh producer in Europe. Caviar-end sturgeon farming in recirculation systems (RASs) is practised in 5-6 farms, producing 50-80 tons of meat and 2-3 tons of roe annually. Cold water aquaculture is not signifi cant in Hungary, three farms produce some 30-60 tons of trout annually. Barramundi is produced in RAS and European catfi sh (Silurus glanis) is produced in cages in one farm.
R&D AND INNOVATION
Hungary is one of the most active participants in R&D projects of the EU’s 6th and 7th Framework Programs,
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THE Crown Estate is calling for nominations and entries for this year’s Scottish Marine Aquaculture Awards. There are nine award categories and entries are welcomed
from individuals, companies and other organisations involved in the Scottish marine aquaculture industry who employ the highest standards of aquaculture husbandry; supply Scottish
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mainly through the activity of the Research Institute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI). HAKI is an important participant in EU projects, with components aimed at the development of pond fi sh farming technolo- gies and the breeding of productive and disease-resistant common carp varieties – such as Sustainaqua, Aquamax and Eurocarp. In Hungary, just like in other Eastern Euro- pean countries, the great challenge is how to make con- ventional pond fi sh production viable, taking into account the increasing competition for freshwater resources and the changing market needs. As a result of these recent R&D projects, new systems and technologies are available for practical application. In combined intensive and extensive (CIE) systems high val- ue species are produced intensively in a small production unit, while the excess nutrients of the intensive system
Opposite page: paddlefish have great potential. Clockwise from top left: the recirculation system at HAKI; selecting carp broodstock; producing African catfish using geothermal water; a striped bass hybrid
T 16 06/03/2013 10:56:33 20
020-023_ff09.indd 20
involved when my father made the move into rope farming, and now oversee the administra- tion and fi nance, and direct the general strategy of the business. My previous experience working in oil and gas trading in the City was good training for dealing with the level of bureaucracy involved in the mussel farming world!’ she explained.
INVESTMENT
Once on board, Melony put to- gether an investor package, which brought in some enthusiastic shareholders, and Colin set about trialling the different rope and net production systems on the market. ‘We got the best performance
NEW PROJECT GIVES DOCKS A POST-INDUSTRIAL LEASE OF LIFE BY NICKI HOLMYARD
homas Shellfi sh, a fam- ily-run business based in South Wales, is breaking new ground by farming
mussels in the Queen’s Dock in Swansea. Colin Thomas, a fi sherman for
more than 40 years, had been involved in the seabed mussel industry for the past decade, but
three years ago realised his ambi- tion to set up trials in the dock using rope culture. ‘I had looked at the vast expanse
of unused water there for a long time and it wasn’t until I sat down
with my wife and daughters and they encouraged me to “go for it” that we put together a proper business plan and started to de- velop the idea,’ said Colin. Swansea docks once handled vast
www.fishfarmer-magazine.com 12/09/2013 12:26:58
quantities of coal, petrochemicals and metals from local industries, including 70% of the world’s copper resource. Today it is a redevelopment area, which offers a clean, sheltered environment for its newest industry. However, its history caused a lot of scepticism when Colin fi rst raised the idea of producing food in the docks, so the fi rst thing
he put in place was a testing and monitoring project in conjunction with an environmental consult- ant and Swansea University. This looked at the salinity and tem- perature profi les of water samples collected from different depths and locations, and analysed them for dissolved oxygen, dissolved nu- trients, suspended organic carbon, nitrogen and chlorophyll.
www.fishfarmer-magazine.com 020-023_ff09.indd 21
‘We have no sewage outlets in the area and the tests all showed that the water quality is excellent and highly suitable for supporting mussel production, which proved what our instincts told us,’ stated Colin.
Daughter Melony, fi nance direc- tor of the operation, works from Kazakhstan, but is moving back to the UK in the autumn. ‘I got
from Quality Equipment ropes, which are made in New Zealand, and found its group director Joe Franklin highly knowledgeable and helpful,’ he said. ‘The ropes have a high surface area, which is very good for collecting spat and also negates the use of pegs for ongrowing, which enables us to introduce a high level of mechani- sation.’
Armed with confi dence from the trials, Colin set about building out the farm, which currently compris- es 12 headlines, each 220 metres long, buoyed up with Gem Plastic fl oats from Ireland. The lines are 5 metres apart and support a con- tinuous rope system, which is tied
21 12/09/2013 12:27:40 Thomas Shellfish – pioneering rope mussel farming in Wales
Tests all showed that the water quality is excellent
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