Digestible Protein Crude Protein %* Digestible Protein Crude Protein %*
Digestibility of Protein %
Digestibility of Protein %
*from
http://www.feedipedia.org 70.6 89
Digestible Protein % Digestible Protein % *from
http://www.feedipedia.org
The last piece to contribute to nutritional value is the negative effects of anti-nutritional factors. Poultry by-product meal and feather meal do not have anti-nutritional factors like those found in soybean meal. Soybean meal may contain a variety of anti-nutritional factors including protease inhibitors, phyto-haemagglutinins, glucosinolates, phytic acid, saponins, estrogenic factors, flatulence factor, anti-vitamin E factor, anti-vitamin A factor, anti-vitamin D factor, anti-vitamin B12 factor, allergens, and non-starch polysaccharides – oligosaccharides.
Amino Acid Profiles Poultry By-
Amino Acid Profiles Crude Protein %
Alanine Arginine
Quality and Consistency It is generally understood that the quality of aquafeed affects the quality of the finished fish product. But not everyone considers the importance of the entire supply chain for aquafeed production. Poultry by-product meal and feather meal utilise the by-products from the production process for human food products. These by-products are the raw material used to create the feed ingredient. The quality of the ingredients and the raw materials used to create the ingredients contribute to the nutritional value of the aquafeed and the fish that eat them. Another factor gaining attention in the marketplace is the traceability of all ingredients in the supply chain to their original source. This means a grocery store or restaurant that buys a finished fish product may ask for the origins of all ingredients fed to the fish. The quality and consistency of feed ingredients not only affects the quality and consistency of the fish growth, but may also affect future relationships with customers.
Crude Protein % Alanine Arginine
Aspartic Acid Cystine
Glycine Histidine Leucine
IsoleucineLysine Leucine Lysine
Serine Methionine Phenylalanine
Cost Effectiveness So how cost effective are alternative proteins? If the amount of digestible protein is factored against the market cost of the protein, then a truer value becomes apparent. Feather meal has a digestible protein % of 68. Combine that percentage of protein with the low market cost and the cost effectiveness of feather meal becomes clear.
Glutamic Acid Isoleucine
Histidine 0.8
Phenylalanine ProlineThreonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine
MethionineProline Serine
Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine
From
http://www.feedipedia.org Crude Protein % From
http://www.feedipedia.org
12.6 6.4 2.4 4.2 7.2 7.5 2.7 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.1 1.0 3.1 4.9
6.4 2.4 4.2 7.2 7.5 2.7 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.1 1.0 3.1 4.9
10.9 8.8 1.8 3.9 7.0 4.4 1.4 3.9 8.0 6.3 3.9 0.7 2.6 5.4
Digestibility of Protein % Digestible Protein % Ingredient Cost $/MT
Digestible Protein Cost $/MT
Pricing from August 20, 2014 issue of Informa Economics’ Feed Ingredient Daily.
addition to excellent digestibility, poultry by-products were shown to increase bone density and support the immune response of these fi sh.
The last piece to contribute to
nutritional value is the negative effects of anti-nutritional factors. Poultry by-product meal and feather meal do not have anti-nu- tritional factors like those found in soybean meal. Soybean meal may contain a variety of anti-nu- tritional factors including protease inhibitors, phyto-haemagglutinins, glucosinolates, phytic acid, saponins,
Good Business Practice Renewable, reusable, sustainable; these are all terms used to describe ecologically healthier practices. Choosing a protein ingredient that is already part of the food supply chain for humans eliminates waste and allows natural resources to be used for production of other foods for human consumption. Rendered products like poultry by-product meal and feather meal provide good nutritional value from a sustainable supply source.
estrogenic factors, fl atulence factor, anti-vitamin E factor, anti-vitamin A factor, anti-vitamin D factor, anti-vitamin B12 factor, allergens, and non-starch polysaccharides – oligosaccharides.
QUALITY AND CONSISTENCY
It is generally understood that the quality of aquafeed affects the quality of the fi nished fi sh product. But not everyone considers the importance of the entire supply chain for aquafeed production. Poultry by-product meal and
www.fishfarmer-magazine.com 43
Plymouth University Fish Nutrition and Aquaculture Health group conducted research from 2005 to 2011 (commissioned by Stephen Woodgate, previously technical Director of EFPRA; European Fat Processors and Renderers Association), which resulted in multiple peer-reviewed publications (Davies et al 2009; Laporte, 2007). The research, carried out under Professor Simon Davies, validated the safety and efficacy of poultry by- product meals and feather meals in diets for trout, sea bass, sea bream, turbot, tilapia and carp. The results demonstrated the feasibility of replacing fishmeal with these products at high inclusion levels resulting in excellent growth, feed efficiency and added health benefits for these species. In addition to excellent digestibility, poultry by-products were shown to increase bone density and support the immune response of these fish.
Fish Meal 70.6
89 62.83
$1,525 $2,428
Poultry By-Product Meal
60 85 51
Feather Meal 85.7
80 $825
68.56 $705
Soybean Meal 51.8
89 $1,618 $1,028
46.10 $402 $872
10.9 8.8 1.8 3.9 7.0 4.4 1.4 3.9 8.0 6.3 3.9 0.7 2.6 5.4
11.3 1.5
11.4 4.6 0.6 2.5 7.2
11.4 4.6 0.6 2.5 7.2
17.7 4.2 2.6 4.6 7.5 6.1 1.4 5.0 4.9 5.0 3.9 1.3 3.5 4.8
10.6 7.3 0.8 4.9 8.0 2.1 0.7 4.7 9.4
17.7 4.2 2.6 4.6 7.5 6.1 1.4 5.0 4.9 5.0 3.9 1.3 3.5 4.8
Aspar ic Acid Cystine
Glutamic Acid Glycine
Fish Meal (% protein) 70.6 6.3
6.2 12.6 9.1
Fish Meal (% protein) 70.6 6.3 6.2 9.1 0.8
Product Meal (% protein) 60
5.5 6.6 6.9 2.5
Poultry By-60 5.5 6.6 6.9 2.5
Feather Meal (% protein) 85.7 4.6 6.7 6.7 4.3
Feather Meal (% protein) 85.7 4.6 6.7 6.7 4.3
10.6 7.3 0.8 4.9 8.0 2.1 0.7 4.7 9.4
Soybean Meal (% protein) 51.8 4.4 7.4
11.3 1.5
Product Meal (% protein)
Soybean Meal (% protein) 51.8 4.4 7.4
Fish Meal 70.6 89
Fish Meal
Poultry By-Product Meal Feather Meal 60 85
85.7 80
51
Additional nutritional value is also found by examining the amino acid profile for protein ingredients. Alternative proteins provide a consistent balanced amino acid profile with many essential amino acids. They are also high in proline, glycine, and glutamic acid, which attract fish and work as a palatant.
62.83
85 51
68.56 46.10
Additional nutritional value is also found by examining the amino acid profile for protein ingredients. Alternative proteins provide a consistent balanced amino acid profile with many essential amino acids. They are also high in proline, glycine, and glutamic acid, which attract fish and work as a palatant.
feather meal utilise the by-prod- ucts from the production process for human food products. These by-products are the raw material used to create the feed ingredient. The quality of the ingredients and the raw materials used to create the ingredients contribute to the nutritional value of the aquafeed and the fi sh that eat them. Another factor gaining attention in the marketplace is the traceabil- ity of all ingredients in the supply chain to their original source. This means a grocery store or restaurant that buys a fi nished fi sh product may ask for the origins of all ingredients fed to the fi sh. The quality and consistency of feed ingredients not only affects the quality and consistency of the fi sh growth, but may also affect future relationships with customers.
Plymouth University Fish Nutrition and Aquaculture Health group conducted research from 2005 to 2011 (commissioned by Stephen Woodgate, previously technical Director of EFPRA; European Fat Processors and Renderers Association), which resulted in multiple peer-reviewed publications (Davies et al 2009; Laporte, 2007). The research, carried out under Professor Simon Davies, validated the safety and efficacy of poultry by- product meals and feather meals in diets for trout, sea bass, sea bream, turbot, tilapia and carp. The results demonstrated the feasibility of replacing fishmeal with these products at high inclusion levels resulting in excellent growth, feed efficiency and added health benefits for these species. In addition to excellent digestibility, poultry by-products were shown to increase bone density and support the immune response of these fish.
COST EFFECTIVENESS So how cost effective are alternative proteins? If the amount of digestible protein is factored against the market cost of the protein, then a truer value be- comes apparent. Feather meal has a digestible protein % of 68. Com- bine that percentage of protein with the low market cost and the cost effectiveness of feather meal becomes clear. FF
85.7 80
Soybean Meal 51.8 89
62.83Poultry By-Product Meal Feather Meal 68.56Soybean Meal 46.10 60
51.8 89
Chicken, the Growing Protein Ingredient
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