achieving, as far as is possible, a common worldwide normative approach. So, at the outset of the work on EOTA Annex E, the US certification and other proposals were first considered and analysed. With great marketing anticipation, the US certification was duly promoted all over Europe. As, during the normative works, it became clear that the
assumptions of the US certification, and its related US design, were not consistent with the European design code Eurocode 8 and that it could have caused safety problems, the US certification has been strongly opposed by some member states where seismic actions play a major role. To conclude the works, in April 2012 the EOTA Working Group
reached the following compromise: the European CE marking will consider two basic categories, with different test protocols, and related to different seismicity levels and building classes. Category C2 foresees a much more strict test protocol than Category C1, and it will be suitable for structural applications in Europe in civil and industrial buildings, including schools, hospitals, fire stations, power plants, etc (Classes II, III and IV of Eurocode 8, 1998-1:2004, Tab. 4.3). Category C1 is based on the US certification, and will be permitted for applications in buildings of minor importance for public safety, like e.g. agricultural buildings (Class I of Eurocode 8, see above). It will furthermore be permitted in ordinary buildings and in schools, assembly halls, etc, but ONLY IN LOW SEISMICITY ZONES and NON-STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS. CE marked anchors for seismic areas will be on the market
soon. While waiting for the entrance onto the market of anchors with CE marking for use in seismic zones, ECAP recommends the use of anchors with an European Technical Approval for cracked concrete, in the case of structural applications in civil and industrial buildings in seismic zones.
www.ecap-sme.org
About Barbara Sorgato Barbara Sorgato is secretary general of the European
Consortium of Anchor Producers. She is a member of the EOTA Technical Committee 06.01/03 “Anchors” and CEN Technical Committee TC250/SC2/WG2 “Design of fastenings for use in concrete” (design of anchors within the Eurocode 2). She is also recognised by NORMAPME as an expert for the sectors: anchors, direct fastening and wood screws.
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164