these dimensions. As mentioned by the Global Research and Action Agenda on Cities and Climate Change Science (World Climate Research Programme 2019), access to sufficient, high-quality, and accessible data will also be helpful, not only to enable tools for smart cities (these tools must be appropriate, equitable and transparent) but also to promote open access to data, evidence-based decision-making and citizen and resident science. Achieving sustainable, resilient and inclusive urban futures means less individualistic action and an emphasis on the co-creation and co-production of solutions. Cities will need to draw on a wide range of contributors: national governments, regional and international organizations, businesses responsible for building infrastructure, international cooperation agencies, non-governmental organizations, coalitions of mayors, the scientific community, practitioners, city networks, communities and individuals. Crucial also are businesses to support urban transformation actions and policymakers to develop enabling legislation that considers the intersectoral nature of the challenge. The variety of behaviour changes that individual residents will need to embrace could be daunting, requiring not only public messaging and education campaigns, but also powerful and consistent incentives and user-friendly innovations that can influence consumption, travel, diets and other factors (Coskun et al. 2015; Shahzalal and Hassan 2019; Baum and Gross 2017).


Cities work in many different ways. There is no one route or pathway for a city to achieve this vision and these dimensions. The pathways presented in chapter 5 will depend heavily on the characteristics of each individual city and historical, geographic and biophysical differences, as well as those related to culture, patterns of consumption, population size and diversity, and political and economic structures and dynamics (Schröder et al. 2018). The degree of acceptance or resistance when it comes to change in cities (chapter 2) could be highly


significant. As such, cities will follow different pathways to realize the dimensions set out in this chapter. These pathways will be shaped by the potential for ground-breaking change and the ability to actively accelerate a major urban transformation over time. Pathways should be adapted depending on the potential for radical change and the time frame.


Table 4.1 illustrates how the three urban dimensions might play out along transformational pathways. For each dimension and its subareas (as shown in Figure 4.2), we provide two types of action or strategies key to the realization of that subarea’s goals. For example, under Dimension #1’s subarea of food we consider “food waste reduction” and “urban and peri-urban agriculture” as two basic types of action (among many that are possible) designed to meet the goal of creating an efficient, low-carbon urban food system. Reading across the table provides an estimate of the urgency of implementing such strategies, and which areas of the world are apt to (or have the capacity to) rapidly absorb – or be able to make quick progress – along this pathway compared to areas that will need more time for goals achievement. Certainly, these estimations can change if decisive action are put in place.


The future cities envisioned in this chapter all have corresponding transformation pathways, transitions and measures designed to achieve them, all of which will provide multiple benefits over the short and long term. Trade- offs will be required for bold transformations, particularly in the face of the global pandemic. Some of these may be politically and socially challenging. We must also remember that when moving forward on one dimension, it is important to avoid undermining progress in the other two. Yet if harnessed together, these dimensions and the transformative vision behind them can make cities agents of the changes that the world urgently needs.


Table 4.1: Urban dimensions, sub areas, and types of action: Urgency and global region absorption capacities


Dimension component


Type of actions


Dimension 1– Circular cities Food


Urgency


Areas of potential absorption under a transformation pathway scenario Fast


Intermediate


Food waste reduction


I


– Latin America and the Caribbean – Africa – West Asia – Asia and the Pacific


Urban& peri- urban agriculture


Water


Leakages reduction and recycling


Water harvesting ST


– Latin America and the Caribbean – Africa


– Asia and the Pacific I ST


– Latin America and the Caribbean


– Pan-European Region – Asia and the Pacific


ST


– Latin America and the Caribbean – Africa – West Asia – Asia and the Pacific


– Latin America and the Caribbean


– West Asia


– North America – Pan-European Region


– Africa – Pan-European Region Slow – North America


– North America – Pan-European Region – West Asia


86


GEO for Cities


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