Figures


Why GEO for Cities, Why Now? Figure 1.1: Location and boundaries for Mandlakazi, Mozambique . .................................................14 Figure 1.2:


Location and surroundings of Toronto, Canada . .........................................................15


Urban Dynamics for Environmental Action Figure 2.1:


City growth rates . ...................................................................................23


Figure 2.2: Population distribution by size and class of settlement and region, 2018 and 2030 . .........................23 Figure 2.3: Where rapid growth faces vulnerability . ................................................................25 Figure 2.4: Effects of political economy lock-ins . ..................................................................27 Figure 2.5: Effects of urban planning lock-ins . ....................................................................29 Figure 2.6: Effects of urban governance lock-ins . ..................................................................32


The State of the Environment in Cities Figure 3.1:


Interconnections: how cities influence the environment and the environment influences cities . ...............44 Figure 3.2: The impact of drivers of environmental change on cities and human well-being . ............................46


Cities that Work for People and Planet Figure 4.1:


Dimensions of integrated action for urban transformation and their relationships across sub-areas . ..........68


Figure 4.2: Maps of retrievable copper in Amsterdam . .............................................................72 Figure 4.3: Figure 4.4:


Oslo’s bee highway . .................................................................................82 Interactions between international agreements and the three dimensions of urban transformation . ..........85


Achieving Urban Transformation: From Visions to Pathways Figure 5.1: Ways to overcome lock-ins . ..........................................................................97 Figure 5.2: Figure 5.3:


Figure 5.4: Example of a material flow diagram used to explain the urban metabolism of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area . .................................................................................101


Figure 5.5: The food recovery hierarchy . ........................................................................103 Figure 5.6:


Decarbonization pathway for cities . ..................................................................104


Figure 5.7: Key elements of urban decarbonization pathways . .....................................................105 Figure 5.8:


Requirements for systemic transformation . ..........................................................107


Figure 5.9: The four aspects of resilience design . ................................................................111 Figure 5.10: Pathways for nature-positive, just and equitable urban development . ....................................113 Figure 5.11: Duwamish Valley action . ............................................................................115 Figure 5.12: Steps to start a city on a transformative pathway . .....................................................119


Outline of a circular economy . ........................................................................99 Approach to performing a Circle City Scan . ............................................................100


Tables


The State of the Environment in Cities Table 3.1:


Knowns and unknowns at the city scale . ...............................................................54


Cities that Work for People and Planet Table 4.1:


Urban dimensions, sub areas, and types of action: Urgency and global region absorption capacities . .........86


Boxes


Achieving Urban Transformation: From Visions to Pathways Box 5.1:


Box 5.2:


Box 5.3: Box 5.4: Box 5.5: Box 5.6: Box 5.7:


Case study – Using a circular strategy to transition towards a full circularity in Amsterdam, The Netherlands . ...................................................................................101


Case study – Encouraging the reduction, reuse and recycling of waste through decentralized waste management in Alappuzha, India . ....................................................................102 Case study – Improving access to healthy and nutritious food in Quito, Ecuador . ..........................103 Case study – Integrating decarbonization into the growth agenda of a fast-growing city (Beijing, China) . .....106 Case study – Creating a transformative pathway for resilience in Cape Town, South Africa .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Case study – Seattle and the Duwamish Valley Program, United States of America . .......................114 Case study – Building a rights-based approach into local planning in Rosario, Argentina . ...................117


6


GEO for Cities


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