5.4.2 Resilience-based design
The implementation of an urban resilience pathway involves the design and management of resilience within the fundamental components of a city, i.e. its infrastructure, streets, districts and neighbourhoods, facilities and buildings, utilities and services, businesses, livelihoods and households. To achieve such comprehensive implementation, new design capacity, expertise and guidelines may need to be developed within each area, in collaboration with the relevant stakeholders (Laberenne 2019).
Figure 5.9 shows four key aspects of resilience design for any project, asset, service or activity that contributes to city- wide resilience. In Cali, Colombia, for example, this design framework was used to develop a detailed set of design and operational recommendations for school infrastructure resilience, based on the city’s plan to replace 69 per cent of its existing school buildings (Alcaldía de Santiago de Cali and 100 Resilient Cities 2018). The city has used the four areas of the framework to inform its application of retrofit funds, which have been used not only to reduce schools’ risks from earthquakes, but also to improve their use for various community functions, such as health clinics and community centres, and to better address socioeconomic challenges through school curricula.
Each of the four steps requires the following important actions:
A. Design for high-quality routine performance. Design and manage the asset, service or activity so that it can reliably achieve high-quality performance, specifically
Figure 5.9: The four aspects of resilience design
contributing to the city’s targeted development objectives under routine conditions. Although such basic performance may seem the least common denominator of responsible design, many cities and stakeholders require greater support to achieve established general performance standards. Poorly designed and maintained assets and infrastructure contribute to increased risk and can exacerbate chronic stress conditions.
B. Ensure robustness and safe failure, and prevent cascading impacts from shock events. Design and manage the asset, service or activity so that it can maintain function and performance under extraordinary or “shock” conditions to which the city is exposed, and so that if there is a failure, potential cascading impacts are minimized. This requires the comprehensive assessment of risks and interconnectedness between assets services and activities. For example, it is not enough to design buildings to mitigate harm and losses from earthquakes, as access to transportation systems is also needed to ensure effective evacuation in crisis responses. Solutions for robustness and safe failure often require the development of specific capacities through training for operators and workers and for household and community-level civic responses, along with the incorporation of special features, such as redundant power or water supplies.
C. Leverage the greatest co-benefits from city resources. Resilience design emphasizes securing the maximum possible societal benefit from any particular investment or service, with a particular view towards helping
A. Design for high quality routine performance
B. Ensure robustness, safe failure, and prevent cascading impacts from shock events.
C. Leverage the greatest co-benefits from city resources.
D. Build adaptive capacity.
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